排序方式： 共有18条查询结果，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Two rhesus monkeys learned the auditory abstract concept ofsame/different. They were trained with 38 different environmental and natural sounds, which were arranged in different combinations as training progressed. Upon transfer to 138 different novel stimuli, they performed as well (78.8% correct) on the first exposure to the novel stimuli as they did (77.3%) with their training stimuli. The comparatively large set of training sounds, contact with the sound source, and a special fading procedure are thought to have contributed to the monkeys’ being able to learn this concept. Implications for species’ similarities/differences in cognitive processing are discussed. 相似文献
2.
3.
Masako Shibata 《History of education》2013,42(1):75-85
This study focuses on the Soviet introduction of local studies to Ukrainian schools during the 1920s. It argues that, through their efforts at pedagogical reform, educational planners sought a fundamental re‐imagining of place. The Ukrainian Commissariat of Education asked teachers and their students to engage the ‘productive’ world surrounding the school and make connections to an understanding of a nationally defined, territorial Ukraine. However, because the commissariat left decisions regarding curricular content to regions and municipalities, many instructors were able to resist this utilitarian notion of space. Local studies was the linchpin in Soviet educational reform for Ukraine, yet the state’s emphasis on decentralised planning created opportunity for ‘flawed’ interpretations of local and, consequently, national meanings. 相似文献
4.
5.
Pigeons were trained to classify composite faces of two categories created by mimicking the structure of basic-level categories,
with each face consisting of an item-specific component and a common component diagnostic for its category. Classification
accuracy increased as the proportion of common components increased, regardless of familiar and novel item-specific components,
with the best discrimination occurring at untrained original faces used as the common components. A no-categorization control
condition suggested that categorization gives rise to equivalence for item-specific components and distinctiveness for degrees
of prototypicality. When some item-specific components were shared by exemplars of the contrasting categories, those that
were not overlapping between the categories became the effective cues for the pigeons’ responses. Implications of these results
are discussed in the context of current categorization and associative learning theories. 相似文献
6.
Masako Hosaka 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2014,39(4):424-431
This qualitative study aims to examine Japanese women undergraduate engineering students’ experiences of interacting with departmental peers of the same year in the laboratory setting by using interview data of 32 final-year students at two modestly selective national universities in Japan. Expectation state theory that explains unequal relationship between men and women is used as a framework. Findings suggest that women generally had a discouraging experience while working with their male peers. Specifically, women participated less and lost confidence by comparing with the men who appeared to be confident and competent. 相似文献
7.
Women in higher education 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
Masako Amano 《Higher Education》1997,34(2):215-235
The high level of admissions of women into higher education in Japanis analysed in the context of examining revised views about the highereducation of women resulting from changes in the traditional view of therelationship between higher education and social values. Despite the shiftin womens educational expectations, there is still clear evidence that agender track continues; typically men congregate in four year institutionswhilst women focus on Junior Colleges and on particular courses of studydeemed to be appropriate for women. The gender track is furtherdemonstrated by detailed studies of the Junior College and the WomensCollege. Womens employment opportunities are shown to have been affected byrestrictive attitudes of employers which tended in the past to impose onwomen particular modes of employment. The reasons for the emergence of achange in these attitudes in the latter part of the 1980s are explored andthe impact of the Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1986 is examined. Thearticle concludes by considering the wider implications for women, both inthe work-place and in society more generally, of these developments. It isnoted that highly educated Japanese women tend to hold more conservativevalues and may see their education as an expression of their social statusrather than a way of increasing their earning power. The recentestablishment of a number of courses in Womens Studies may well have aninfluence upon future developments in ideas about women and higher educationin Japan. 相似文献
8.
刘禹锡与柳宗元,年龄相近,遭遇相似,一长寿,一短命。因家庭出身等客观状况不同,导致对左迁命运的不同心理感受,影响其身体健康及文学创作。 相似文献
9.
Two experiments are presented that examine how the visual characteristics of Japanese words influence eye movement behaviour
during reading. In Experiment 1, reading behaviour was compared for words comprising either one or two kanji characters. The
one-character words were significantly less likely to be fixated on first-pass, and had significantly longer overall reading
times, than the two-character words. In Experiment 2, reading behaviour was compared for two-kanji character words, for which
the first character was either visually simple or visually complex (determined by the number of strokes). Visual complexity
significantly influenced total word reading times and the probability of the individual visually simple/complex characters
being fixated on first pass. Additional analyses showed no preferred viewing position for two-kanji character words. Overall,
the study provides experimental evidence of an influence of specific visual characteristics of Japanese words on eye movement
behaviour during reading, as shown by both fixation probabilities and reading times. The findings must be explained by processing
at (or beyond) a visual level impacting on eye movement behavior during reading of Japanese text. 相似文献
10.
Four pigeons were given repeated reversal training and testing with photographs of human faces constituting two categories
structured by family resemblances, each consisting of a prototype, good exemplars, and poor exemplars. Each of the good exemplars
(AM, BM, and CM) was created by 50% morphing of the prototype (M) and one of the poor exemplars (A, B, and C, respectively)
and thus was physically similar to the prototype and to the corresponding poor exemplar. The pigeons were first trained and
tested for the formation of two (AM, BM, and CM) classes. Then, the stimulus sets were extended to include (1) M and the poor
exemplars that were not physically similar to one another and (2) 50% morphs of the poor exemplars (AB, BC, and CA). In the
sequentially introduced training and test phases, we successfully tracked expansion of the functional equivalence classes
consisting of exemplars that had little similarity but could be linked together through other members of the class. nt]This
research was supported by Grant 16530465 from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science to the first author. A portion
of this work was presented as an invited talk at the International Congress of Psychology, Beijing, August 2004. 相似文献