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Cyril Rebetez Mireille Bétrancourt Mirweis Sangin Pierre Dillenbourg 《Instructional Science》2010,38(5):471-485
Animated graphics are extensively used in multimedia instructions explaining how natural or artificial dynamic systems work.
As animation directly depicts spatial changes over time, it is legitimate to believe that animated graphics will improve comprehension
over static graphics. However, the research failed to find clear evidence in favour of animation. Animation may also be used
to promote interactions in computer-supported collaborative learning. In this setting as well, the empirical studies have
not confirmed the benefits that one could intuitively expect from the use of animation. One explanation is that multimedia,
including animated graphics, challenges human processing capacities, and in particular imposes a substantial working memory
load. We designed an experimental study involving three between-subjects factors: the type of multimedia instruction (with
static or animated graphics), the presence of snapshots of critical steps of the system (with or without snapshots) and the
learning setting (individual or collaborative). The findings indicate that animation was overall beneficial to retention,
while for transfer, only learners studying collaboratively benefited from animated over static graphics. Contrary to our expectations,
the snapshots were marginally beneficial to learners studying individually and significantly detrimental to learners studying
in dyads. The results are discussed within the multimedia comprehension framework in order to propose the conditions under
which animation can benefit to learning. 相似文献
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In this study, we examine gender inequality in the use of the Korean central government website in 2010. Adapting the digital divide and the gender differentiation hypothesis, we analyze e-government users and the determinants of their demand for e-government websites. Specifically, after controlling for socio-economic factors and family characteristics as demand determinants, we test whether gender inequality in e-government access and usage persists across central government units that provide differentiated public services. Our regression results indicate (i) no persistent gender inequality, supporting the gender differentiation hypothesis, and (ii) the importance of family characteristics as a determinant of demands for e-government websites. However, we also find a persistent divide in access to and usage of central e-government services by education and occupation, which deserves more attention and further research. 相似文献
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