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Mitchel Resnick 《Interactive Learning Environments》2013,21(3):153-170
Abstract During the past decade, computer scientists have developed dozens of concurrent (or parallel) programming languages. These languages hold the promise of opening up exciting new applications for computers. But that will happen only if people can effectively learn, use, and understand these new languages. To explore these issues, I developed a concurrent extension to Logo (called Multi‐Logo), and conducted an experimental study with a group of elementary school students. The students used MultiLogo to control simple robotic devices built out of LEGO bricks. In analyzing the children's work, I developed three primary categories of MultiLogo programming bugs: problem‐decomposition bugs, synchronization bugs, and object‐oriented bugs. Based on the results, I recommend ways to improve the design and teaching of concurrent programming languages for nonexperts. 相似文献
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In kindergartens and early-elementary classrooms, manipulative materials (such as Cuisenaire Rods and Pattern Blocks) play
an important role in childrens learning, enabling children to explore mathematical and scientific concepts (such as number,
shape, and size) through direct manipulation of physical objects. But as children grow older, and learn more advanced concepts,
the educational focus shifts away from direct manipulation to more abstract formal methods. This paper discusses a new generation
of computationally enhanced manipulative materials, called digital manipulatives, designed to radically change this traditional
progression. These new manipulatives (such as programmable building bricks and communicating beads) aim to enable children
to continue to learn with a kindergarten approach even as they grow olderand also to enable young children to learn concepts
(in particular, systems concepts such as feedback and emergence) that were previously considered too advanced for them.
The Digital Manipulatives research effort has been a true group effort, with contributions from many people in the author's
research group at the MIT Media Laboratory. Programmable Bricks and Crickets have been developed primarily by Fred Martin,
Brian Silverman, Bakhtiar Mikhak, and Robbie Berg; BitBalls by Kwin Kramer, Robbie Berg, Fred Martin, and Rrian Silverman;
Digital Beads by Kwin Kramer and Rick Borovoy; Thinking Tags by Rick Borovoy, Fred Martin, Vanessa Colella, Brian Silverman,
and Kwin Kramer. The work of Seymour Papert provided a foundation and inspiration for many of these projects. This research
has been supported by generous grants from the LEGO Group, the National Science Foundation (grants 9358519-RED and CDA-9616444),
and the MIT Media Laboratory's Things That Think, Digital Life, and Toys of Tomorrow consortia. Portions of this paper previously
appeared in a paper in the proceedings of the CHI 98 conference (Resnick, et al., 1998). 相似文献
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Although paired study (hevruta) has been a part of Jewish learning and an essential aspect of rabbinic education for centuries, over the past decade it has become an increasingly formalized vehicle in the training of rabbis in non-Orthodox seminaries. Little research has focused on its organization and process and what role it plays within the context of rabbinic education. This study seeks to investigate the practice of hevruta as it has developed in the Rabbinical School of the Jewish Theological Seminary. Methodologically, the study makes use primarily of standardized long interviews. The results of this study indicate that while hevruta shares many characteristics of cooperative learning in higher education, it remains a distinct Jewish learning strategy. 相似文献
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Collin M. Timm Ryan R. Hansen Mitchel J. Doktycz Scott T. Retterer Dale A. Pelletier 《Biomicrofluidics》2015,9(6)
Microbial communities are complex heterogeneous systems that are influenced by physical and chemical interactions with their environment, host, and community members. Techniques that facilitate the quantitative evaluation of how microscale organization influences the morphogenesis of multispecies communities could provide valuable insights into the dynamic behavior and organization of natural communities, the design of synthetic environments for multispecies culture, and the engineering of artificial consortia. In this work, we demonstrate a method for patterning microbes into simple arrangements that allow the quantitative measurement of growth dynamics as a function of their proximity to one another. The method combines parylene-based liftoff techniques with microfluidic delivery to simultaneously pattern multiple bacterial species with high viability using low-cost, customizable methods. Quantitative measurements of bacterial growth for two competing isolates demonstrate that spatial coordination can play a critical role in multispecies growth and structure. 相似文献
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Natalie Rusk Mitchel Resnick Robbie Berg Margaret Pezalla-Granlund 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2008,17(1):59-69
This paper suggests new strategies for introducing students to robotics technologies and concepts, and argues for the importance
of providing multiple entry points into robotics. In particular, the paper describes four strategies that have been successful
in engaging a broad range of learners: (1) focusing on themes, not just challenges; (2) combining art and engineering; (3)
encouraging storytelling; (4) organizing exhibitions, rather than competitions. The paper describes a new technology, called
the PicoCricket, that supports these strategies by enabling young people to design and program artistic creations that integrate
light, sound, music, and motion. The paper concludes with an analysis of robotics activities in three educational environments,
examining how these new strategies and technologies can engage young people with diverse interests and learning styles. 相似文献
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Droplet based microfluidic systems provide an ideal platform for partitioning and manipulating aqueous samples for analysis. Identifying stable operating conditions under which droplets are generated is challenging yet crucial for real-world applications. A novel three-dimensional microfluidic platform that facilitates the consistent generation and gelation of alginate-calcium hydrogel microbeads for microbial encapsulation, over a broad range of input pressures, in the absence of surfactants is described. The unique three-dimensional design of the fluidic network utilizes a height difference at the junction between the aqueous sample injection and organic carrier channels to induce droplet formation via a surface tension enhanced self-shearing mechanism. Combined within a flow-focusing geometry, under constant pressure control, this arrangement facilitates predictable generation of droplets over a much broader range of operating conditions than that of conventional two-dimensional systems. The impact of operating pressures and geometry on droplet gelation, aqueous and organic material flow rates, microbead size, and bead generation frequency are described. The system presented provides a robust platform for encapsulating single microbes in complex mixtures into individual hydrogel beads, and provides the foundation for the development of a complete system for sorting and analyzing microbes at the single cell level. 相似文献
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This article suggests various techniques and strategies for integrating historical research methods into the drug education classroom. While most criminal justice programs offer courses on drug education, instruction has typically concentrated on policy issues. With little historical perspective on the roots of the drug problem, students are too often left with a one-dimensional perspective: that all illegal drug use should be criminalized. Like many recent historical events, the roots of the drug problem remain a distant abstraction to the current generation of criminal justice students. A historical approach to this subject using historiographic methods can lead to a better understanding of the cyclic nature of the U. S. drug problem and policies over the past century. 相似文献