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Measuring Search Engine Quality 总被引:12,自引:3,他引:9
The effectiveness of twenty public search engines is evaluated using TREC-inspired methods and a set of 54 queries taken from real Web search logs. The World Wide Web is taken as the test collection and a combination of crawler and text retrieval system is evaluated. The engines are compared on a range of measures derivable from binary relevance judgments of the first seven live results returned. Statistical testing reveals a significant difference between engines and high intercorrelations between measures. Surprisingly, given the dynamic nature of the Web and the time elapsed, there is also a high correlation between results of this study and a previous study by Gordon and Pathak. For nearly all engines, there is a gradual decline in precision at increasing cutoff after some initial fluctuation. Performance of the engines as a group is found to be inferior to the group of participants in the TREC-8 Large Web task, although the best engines approach the median of those systems. Shortcomings of current Web search evaluation methodology are identified and recommendations are made for future improvements. In particular, the present study and its predecessors deal with queries which are assumed to derive from a need to find a selection of documents relevant to a topic. By contrast, real Web search reflects a range of other information need types which require different judging and different measures. 相似文献
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坐式排球是残疾人奥运会正式比赛项目,2000年我国把坐式排球列为全国残疾人运动会正式比赛项目。经过五年的发展,我国坐式排球运动水平已进入世界六强行列。为了完成2008年北京残奥会上男女双获金牌的战略目标,当前最重要的工作就是加强二线队伍的建设,加大运动员的选材力度。经过三年的跟队研究,总结出坐式排球运动员选材的特殊性:放宽运动员的年龄界限,要求队员有较长的上体和上肢。残障程度:以小腿截肢和两下肢不等长的运动员最适合参加坐式排球运动的训练。在挑选攻手时,注意残障腿与扣球手成反向;在挑选二传手时,残障腿是右腿的运动员更适合。 相似文献
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Peter Davison 《Learned Publishing》2003,16(4):243-247
The Copyright Licensing and Administration Society of Singapore was established in 1999. It is now profitable and commercially significant, perhaps uniquely so in Asia. Critical factors in its growth have included a statutory (non‐voluntary) photocopying licence provision for educational institutions in the Copyright Act; and widespread support from the local and international communities of rightsholders. Tentative consensus has been established with educators over a fair level of remuneration for copying. Further work needs to be done to extend or amend the current model for electronic copying, for the private sector and for other countries in the region. 相似文献
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体育明星作形象代言人推行品牌产品的战略效应分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
运动鞋企业是晋江经济的支柱,其发展对晋江经济和体育产业的发展有着重要的意义。值此第七届晋江(国际)鞋业博览会之际,运用文献资料、调查访问、观察及网上查询等研究方法,并运用经济学、广告学等相关学科的一些原理,分析了福建晋江运动鞋企业聘请体育明星作形象代言人推行品牌建设的现状及存在的一些主要问题,并提出了进一步推动晋江运动鞋企业品牌建设的一些对策和建议,以便给当地政府及相关的决策者提供一些理论参考。 相似文献
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During the rewriting of its program in the early 1980s, theRassemblement pour la République (RPR) carried out anumber of opinion surveys. The person in charge of this wasnot a member of the inner leadership circle; he warned the partyleader, Jacques Chirac, that themes forming a coherent liberalprogram for the transformation of the relationship between citizens,state, and the economy, were not popular with public opinion,which remained attached to progressive taxation and a comprehensivesocial welfare system. The party leadership ignored these warnings.Rather than attempting to align their policies with voter aspirations,their principal use of political communications techniques aimedat improving their leader's image. The person in charge of thiswork was a stranger to politics whose understanding of the waycultural or political attitudes are changed led him to interpretvery fatalistically the chances of influencing election outcomesby communications techniques. His methods were treated withfrank skepticism by party communications colleagues, his client'spersonality was particularly unamenable to his efforts, andhis one successful initiativethe rejuvenation of theexecutive committeewas operated at the cost of a rowin the party. In the case of the RPR, opinion research seemsto have played no role at all in an important party policy review,the causes of which should be sought elsewhere. 相似文献
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从红色专题特藏概念的界定出发,论述了红色专题特藏在人才培养、科学研究、社会服务方面的重要意义:红色专题特藏是思政教育的生动教材,是科学研究的重要素材,是社会服务的鲜活题材。复旦大学图书馆在历史积累的基础上,通过捐赠、采购、收集等方式建设了时间跨度大、类型多样、主题丰富的红色专题特藏。采取参与式、阵地化思政教育,多形式、全方位驱动科研,立体化、全媒介大众推广的三大举措九种手段,挖掘红色专题特藏的全方位价值,在红色基因传承、红色资源研究、红色文化传播等方面发挥作用。 相似文献