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ResumenSe analizan los diferentes factores que pueden influir en la solución de problemas verbales aditivos, insistiéndose sobre todo en la incidencia de la estructura semántica de los mismos y en su expresión verbal. Dos grupos de niños de segundo de preescolar y otros de primero de EGB pasan pruebas aditivas de combinación e igualación. Los resultados confirman que la dificultad de las tareas depende, entre otras variabes, de la estructura semántica de las mismas, del lugar que ocupa la incógnita o dato desconocido y de la disponibilidad de ayudas en la resolución de los problemas. Además, las estrategias utilizadas por los niños son función de la edad de los mismos y del tipo de problema planteado. Se señalan también algunas de las implicaciones educativas que se desprende de este trabajo. 相似文献
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Ileana Enesco Purificación Rodríguez Mª Oliva Lago Cristina Dopico Ana Escudero 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2017,32(3):483-500
This study addresses the influence of schoolteachers’ testimonies on children’s conceptions about unconventional correct counts or pseudoerrors. A total of 158 kindergarteners and second graders were individually interviewed: Fifty children participated in the baseline group (to determine their judgments about pseudoerrors without the presence of informants), and 108 children participated in the experimental group. There were two sessions—2 weeks apart—for the experimental group: in session 1, children faced the conflicting claims provided by three teachers vs. a dissident teacher about the correctness of different pseudoerrors made by the characters of a computer game. The participants had to decide which of the informants was right, providing a rationale for their choice. In session 2, children evaluated the same types of pseudoerrors but in absence of informants (similar to the baseline group procedure). We assessed the relative influence of the majority, and whether the presentation of teachers’ controversial judgments improved children’s understanding of counting. The findings revealed that children’s own ideas prevailed over the pressure of the majority: at both ages, children tended to endorse claims that considered pseudoerrors as incorrect counts, regardless of the source of information (majority or dissenter), and their tendency to reject pseudoerrors remained firm in session 2. Overall, results from the experimental and the baseline groups suggest that children’s adherence to the conventional rules of counting is strong and little susceptible to influence and revision. We discuss the educational implications of these findings as well as the limitations of the experimental paradigm used in this and other studies in the field of testimony. 相似文献
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ResumenLas autoras tratan de probar la eficacia de los «juegos de simulación» en la enseñanza de la Geografía en la EGB. Para ello realizan la adaptación de un juego aplicándolo a los niveles escolares de 5.° y 7.°, y comparan los resultados de los grupos experimentales con otros de control. Las conclusiones a que llegan se basan en cuatro tipos de pruebas: de memoria, de razonamiento, de aplicación y de valoración del juego. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que estas actividades dan mejores resultados en 7.° que en 5.° y favorecen principalmente a los sujetos menos dotados que ven aumentados sensiblemente sus rendimientos. 相似文献
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Purificación Rodríguez M. Oliva Lago M. Lourdes Hernández Laura Jiménez Silvia Guerrero Sonia Caballero 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2009,24(4):529-543
Division-With-Remainder (DWR) problems are particularly complex, as suggested in many studies. The purpose of this work was to establish whether students’ difficulties in DWR problems came from an inadequate initial representation or from an inadequate final interpretation of the numerical answers, and whether remainders could be grouped into two blocks depending on the kind of answer, either directly matching the terms of the division or not. Forty-five Spanish secondary students, aged 12–13, were requested to solve two Types of Division Situations (i.e., Equal Groups and Comparison), each one involving four Types of Remainder (i.e., Remainder-Not-Divisible, Remainder-Divisible, Remainder-as-the-Result, and Readjusted-Quotient-by-Partial-Increments). Our data showed that: (a) the selection of the correct solution procedure depended on the Type of Division Situations, being easier in Equal Groups than in Comparison problems; (b) correct interpretations were higher than the percentages reported in other researches; and (c) success in problems whose answers were the quotient or the remainder was higher than in Readjusted-Quotient-by-Partial-Increments problems. The results obtained suggest that students’ difficulties originate in the initial representation of the DWR problems and that it would be more adequate to refer to the difficulty of Readjusted-Quotient-by-Partial-Increments problems in particular, rather than to the difficulty of DWR problems in general. 相似文献
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Purificación Checa Rosa Rodríguez‐Bailón M. Rosario Rueda 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2008,2(4):177-187
ABSTRACT— The aim of the current study was to examine the role of individual differences in neurocognitive and temperamental systems of self‐regulation in early adolescents’ social and academic competence. Measures used in the study included the Attention Network Test, the Early Adolescence Temperament Questionnaire, a peer‐reported Social Status Questionnaire, a self‐reported measure of Schooling Skills, and information on grades obtained by the students in a variety of school subjects (n= 69 12‐year olds). Results showed that efficiency of the neurocognitive network of executive attention is related to academic outcomes, particularly in mathematics, as well as to aspects of social adjustment. Temperamental effortful control appears to be a significant predictor of all dimensions of school competence assessed in this study and mediates the relationship between social adjustment and poor schooling outcomes. These data suggest that individual differences in systems of self‐regulation are central to understanding processes of learning and social adjustment in the school. 相似文献
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