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Surface features such as uneven playing surfaces, low impact absorption capacity and inappropriate friction/traction characteristics are connected with injury prevalence whereas force impact during foot strike has been suggested to be an important mechanism of intravascular haemolysis during running. We aimed to evaluate intravascular haemolysis during running and compare the effect of running on two different types of surfaces on haemolysis. We selected two surfaces (asphalt and grass) on which these athletes usually run. Participants were randomly assigned to group A (asphalt) or group B (grass) with 10 athletes in each group. Each athlete completed one hour of running at the calculated target heart rate (60-70%). Venous blood samples were collected before and immediately after running. We measured unconjugated bilirubin (UBR) (mg · dl(-1)), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (μ · ml(-1)), haemoglobin (g · l(-1)) and serum ferritin (ng · ml(-1)) as indicators of haemolysis. Athletes who ran on grass demonstrated an increase in the haematological parameters (UBR: P < 0.01, LDH: P < 0.05) when compared to athletes who ran on asphalt (UBR: P < 0.05, LDH: P = 0.241). Our findings indicate that intravascular haemolysis occurs significantly after prolonged running. Furthermore, we conclude that uneven grass surface results in greater haemolysis compared to asphalt road. 相似文献
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Deepika Janakiraman 《Resonance》2012,17(5):454-466
Wilhelm Ostwald was among the pioneers of chemistry in the early 20th century who was largely responsible for establishing physical chemistry as an acknowledged branch of chemistry. In the early part of his research career, he investigated the chemical affinities of various acids and bases. Subsequently, he broadened his horizons and performed path-breaking work in the field of chemical catalysis. An outcome of this work was the famous Ostwald process which continues to be a mainstay of the modern chemical industry. For his work on catalysis, chemical equilibrium relationships and rates of reactions, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in the year 1909. In addition to these colossal pieces of work, he performed very interesting research on the sidelines in various fields. This includes identifying the growth phenomenon of sol particles which is popularly called Ostwald ripening, development of a viscometer, a theory of colours and even philosophy. Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie, the first ever physical chemistry journal was founded by Ostwald in 1887. Also, he wrote several textbooks of chemistry which mirrored his extraordinary teaching capabilities. Quite aptly, for his immense contributions, he is called the Father of Physical Chemistry. This article will discuss the work of this great scientist. 相似文献
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Deepika Janakiraman 《Resonance》2012,17(7):625-634
In this era of blurring boundaries between various disciplines of science and technology, Henry Eyring stands tall as one of the earliest examples. Starting with a degree in mining, to becoming one of the greatest theoretical chemists ever; it was a journey guided by passion and curiosity. Eyring??s first brush with reaction kinetics came at the age of 23, after which his enthusiasm for the subject continued unabated. ??Potential Energy Surfaces??, that he developed along with Polyani and his ??Activated Complex Theory??, completely changed the face of reaction kinetics. This article will cover the exciting life of Eyring. 相似文献
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