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NICHD Early Child Care Research Network 《Early education and development》2007,18(2):337-368
Research Findings: Data on more than 900 children participating in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care were analyzed to examine the effect of age of entry to kindergarten on children's functioning in early elementary school. Children's academic achievement and socioemotional development were measured repeatedly from the age of 54 months through 3rd grade. With family background factors and experience in child care in the first 54 months of life controlled, hierarchical linear modeling (growth curve) analysis revealed that children who entered kindergarten at younger ages had higher (estimated) scores in kindergarten on the Woodcock—Johnson (W-J) Letter-Word Recognition subtest but received lower ratings from kindergarten teachers on Language and Literacy and Mathematical Thinking scales. Furthermore, children who entered kindergarten at older ages evinced greater increases over time on 4 W-J subtests (i.e., Letter-Word Recognition, Applied Problems, Memory for Sentences, Picture Vocabulary) and outperformed children who started kindergarten at younger ages on 2 W-J subtests in 3rd grade (i.e., Applied Problems, Picture Vocabulary). Age of entry proved unrelated to socioemotional functioning.
Practice: The fact that age-of-entry effects were small in magnitude and dwarfed by other aspects of children's family and child care experiences suggests that age at starting school should not be regarded as a major determinant of children's school achievement, but that it may merit consideration in context with other probably more important factors (e.g., child's behavior and abilities). 相似文献
Practice: The fact that age-of-entry effects were small in magnitude and dwarfed by other aspects of children's family and child care experiences suggests that age at starting school should not be regarded as a major determinant of children's school achievement, but that it may merit consideration in context with other probably more important factors (e.g., child's behavior and abilities). 相似文献
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首先简要介绍3G技术的相关知识,然后在分析移动学习现有定义的基础上提出新定义,接着对移动学习的特征和国内外研究现状进行分析,最后提出基于3G技术的移动学习应用模式和应用框架。 相似文献
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Jack Dongarra 《中国教育网络》2011,(9):24-24
主要芯片制造商（如nVIDIA）最近的一些举动较之前更确切无疑地表明,微处理器及大型高性能计算（HPC）系统未来的设计从本质上说都将是混合／异构的。这些异构系统将依赖于这两大类型的组件以不同的比例集成。 相似文献
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Samantha Plate Lisa Yankowitz Leslie Resorla Meghan R. Swanson Shoba Sreenath Meera Annette Estes Natasha Marrus Meredith Cola Victoria Petrulla Aubrey Faggen Juhi Pandey Sarah Paterson John R. Pruett Jr. Heather Hazlett Stephen Dager Tanya St. John Kelly Botteron Lonnie Zwaigenbaum Joseph Piven Robert T. Schultz Julia Parish-Morris IBIS Network 《Child development》2022,93(2):468-483
Infant vocalizations are early-emerging communicative markers shown to be atypical in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but few longitudinal, prospective studies exist. In this study, 23,850 infant vocalizations from infants at low (LR)- and high (HR)-risk for ASD (HR-ASD = 23, female = 3; HR-Neg = 35, female = 13; LR = 32, female = 10; 80% White; collected from 2007 to 2017 near Philadelphia) were analyzed at 6, 12, and 24 months. At 12 months, HR-ASD infants produced fewer vocalizations than HR-Neg infants. From 6 to 24 months, HR-Neg infants demonstrated steeper vocalization growth compared to HR-ASD and LR infants. Finally, among HR infants, vocalizing at 12 months was associated with language, social phenotype, and diagnosis at age 2. Infant vocalizing is an objective behavioral marker that could facilitate earlier detection of ASD. 相似文献
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计算机文化基础既是高校计算机专业的必学基础课程,也是广大非计算机专业的必修课程,是学习计算机知识的入门课。教学的目的是为了让广大学生能了解计算机的基本知识、掌握应用计算机的基本技能、学会使用计算机这一重要工具。本文旨在通过在教学中发现的问题来提出合理的解决方案。 相似文献
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The value and impact of information provided through library services for patient care: a systematic review 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Weightman AL Williamson J;Library & Knowledge Development Network 《Health information and libraries journal》2005,22(1):4-25
OBJECTIVE: An updated systematic review was carried out of research studies looking at the value and impact of library services on health outcomes for patients and time saved by health professionals. METHODS: A comprehensive systematic search was undertaken of the published literature to September 2003 in ERIC, LISA, MEDLINE, PREMEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register and Google. Some handsearching was carried out, reference lists were scanned and experts in the field were contacted. Twenty-eight research studies of professionally led libraries for health-care staff, including clinical librarian projects, met the inclusion criterion of at least one health or 'time saved' outcome. Papers were critically appraised using internationally accepted criteria. Data were extracted and results were summarised using a narrative format as the studies were heterogeneous and precluded a statistical analysis. RESULTS: There is evidence of impact from both traditional and clinical librarian services. The higher quality studies of traditional services measured impacts of 37-97% on general patient care, 10-31% on diagnosis, 20-51% on choice of tests, 27-45% on choice of therapy and 10-19% on reduced length of stay. Four studies of clinical librarian projects suggested that professionals saved time as a result of clinical librarian input, and two of these studies showed evidence of cost-effectiveness. However, the clinical librarian studies were generally smaller, with poorer quality standards. CONCLUSIONS: Research studies suggest that professionally led library services have an impact on health outcomes for patients and may lead to time savings for health-care professionals. The available studies vary greatly in quality but the better quality studies also suggest positive impacts. Good practice can be gathered from these studies to guide the development of a pragmatic survey for library services that includes the direct effects for patients among the outcome measures. 相似文献
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新时期的高校思想政治工作者应高度重视“网络化”社会对当代大学生的影响 ,认真研究网络 ,积极探索做好大学生网络思想政治工作的方法 ,构建新的工作模式 ,以提高思想政治工作的针对性和有效性 相似文献
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Modeling the impacts of child care quality on children's preschool cognitive development 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Duncan GJ;National Institute of Child Health Human Development Early Child Care Research Network 《Child development》2003,74(5):1454-1475
The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care compared 3 statistical methods that adjust for family selection bias to test whether child care type and quality relate to cognitive and academic skills. The methods included: multiple regression models of 54-month outcomes, change models of differences in 24- and 54-month outcomes, and residualized change models of 54-month outcomes adjusting for the 24-month outcome. The study was unable to establish empirically which model best adjusted for selection and omitted-variable bias. Nevertheless, results suggested that child care quality predicted cognitive outcomes at 54 months, with effect sizes of .04 to .08 for both infant and preschool ages. Center care during preschool years also predicted outcomes across all models. 相似文献
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Lewis O Sargent J Chaffin M Friedrich WN Cunningham N Cantor P Sumner Coffey P Villani S Beard PR Clifft MA Greenspun D;Network Child Abuse Prevention Treatment Program Open Society Institute Soros Foundations Network Children's Mental Health Alliance 《Child abuse & neglect》2004,28(1):93-111
PROBLEM: After the Soviet Union dissolved in 1989, it became apparent that there was little recognition of the problems of child abuse and neglect, professionally, legally, or societally. There were no effective systems or laws in place to deal with these problems. METHOD: Beginning in 1995 the Children's Mental Health Alliance, in conjunction with the Open Society Institute began conducting trainings in Eastern Europe [Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry 39 (2000) 660]. Originally 18 countries from the Baltics to the Balkans participated. A program was elaborated which would proceed in several stages: (1) training mental health professionals to deal with child abuse and neglect (CAN); (2) teaching multidisciplinary team work and fostering the development of multidisciplinary NGOs focused on CAN; (3) promoting the self-sufficiency of these NGO's which would then facilitate social and legal reform and increase public awareness of the problem. Specific methods included multi-national trainings, assignment of mentors to the developing teams who maintained weekly contact with the teams and made yearly site visits to their countries, and overseeing project grants from OSI. RESULTS: NGO's had been established and registered in 11 countries, many establishing a network of programs within their countries. By 2000, over 3800 mental health professional had been trained, either directly by the program or by the trainees of the program. By the end of 2000, over 17,000 other professionals (lawyers, police, judges, educators, other physicians, etc.) had been trained by the network. CONCLUSION: While more work needs to be in this region, the teams in 11 countries have made solid starts. 相似文献