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1.
Barbara S. Spector 《科学教学研究杂志》1984,21(6):563-574
An exploratory study which focused on teachers responses to the demand for role change brought about by the implementation of a new course is reported. Two procedures used to gather data were participant observation and open-ended interviews. Role theory, symbolic interaction, and schools as organizations were used as the frameworks for data analysis in this discursive qualitative study. The data reported describe the teachers' perceptions of factors influencing their willingness to change behaviors in order to comply with the role demands of the innovation. Hypotheses grounded in the data were generated and tied together into a theory which is illustrated by a structural model. The model shows interrelationships of factors influencing the teachers to change roles at the time of initiation of the new course through the ultimate incorporation of the innovation. 相似文献
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Reconsidering the notion of distance in distance education 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
J. Michael Spector 《Distance Education》2009,30(1):157-161
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In an earlier issue of ETR&D, the editors provided an hierarchical framework of components to support learning and instruction. That hierarchy included information objects, knowledge objects, learning objects, instructional objects, courses, programs and ongoing efforts, with each subsequent component building on the former components. For example, a course is a structured collected of instructional objects, which in turn are structured collections of learning objects with learning activities, feedback, and assessments (both formative and summative). Based on that hierarchical perspective, most of the current massive open online courses (MOOCs) are not actually courses. This article proposes taking what is good about the MOOC concept and transforming it into something that could be considered a course—namely, a mini-MOOC. 相似文献
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J. Michael Spector 《Distance Education》2005,26(1):5-27
This article reports findings from a Mellon Foundation research project at Syracuse University with regard to the time demands placed on teachers and learners in online courses. This exploratory research was primarily a study of cases involving three online courses and one face‐to‐face course. The focus of the study was the effects of different forms of communication and collaboration on time invested by teachers and learners. The online courses made use of e‐mail, threaded discussion forums, and online chat sessions; the face‐to‐face course used e‐mail in addition to a course Web site and lectures. Learning outcomes and retention in the three online courses were similar to outcomes and retention in comparable face‐to‐face courses at this institution. Students invested slightly more time in online courses whereas faculty, all of whom were experienced online teachers, invested considerably more time in their online courses. An analysis of interviews with online teachers at other institutions confirms the finding that experienced online teachers invest significantly more time in online teaching than their counterparts in face‐to‐face settings. 相似文献
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Yu Xiaohua Wang Charles Xiaoxue Spector J. Michael 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2020,68(6):3077-3095
Educational technology research and development - Among the literature on self-regulated learning and social networking, the studies, which explore the impact of social networks on learning... 相似文献
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