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Thorben Huelmann Rudolf Debelak Carolin Strobl 《Journal of Educational Measurement》2020,57(2):185-215
This study addresses the topic of how anchoring methods for differential item functioning (DIF) analysis can be used in multigroup scenarios. The direct approach would be to combine anchoring methods developed for two-group scenarios with multigroup DIF-detection methods. Alternatively, multiple tests could be carried out. The results of these tests need to be aggregated to determine the anchor for the final DIF analysis. In this study, the direct approach and three aggregation rules are investigated. All approaches are combined with a variety of anchoring methods, such as the “all-other purified” and “mean p-value threshold” methods, in two simulation studies based on the Rasch model. Our results indicate that the direct approach generally does not lead to more accurate or even to inferior results than the aggregation rules. The min rule overall shows the best trade-off between low false alarm rate and medium to high hit rate. However, it might be too sensitive when the number of groups is large. In this case, the all rule may be a good compromise. We also take a closer look at the anchor selection method “next candidate,” which performed rather poorly, and suggest possible improvements. 相似文献
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The athlete’s brain exhibits significant functional adaptations that facilitate visuomotor reaction performance. However, it is currently unclear if the same neurophysiological processes that differentiate athletes from non-athletes also determine performance within a homogeneous group of athletes. This information can provide valuable help for athletes and coaches aiming to optimize existing training regimes. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the neurophysiological correlates of visuomotor reaction performance in a group of skilled athletes. In 36 skilled badminton athletes, electroencephalography (EEG) was used to investigate pattern reversal and motion onset visual-evoked potentials (VEPs) as well as visuomotor reaction time (VMRT) during a simple reaction task. Stimulus-locked and response-locked event-related potentials (ERPs) in visual and motor regions as well as the onset of muscle activation (EMG onset) were determined. Correlation and multiple regression analyses identified the neurophysiological parameters predicting EMG onset and VMRT. For pattern reversal stimuli, the P100 latency and age best predicted EMG onset (r?=?0.43; p =?.003) and VMRT (r?=?0.62; p?=?.001). In the motion onset experiment, EMG onset (r?=?0.80; p r?=?0.78; p?相似文献
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Thorben Hülsdünker Heiko K. Strüder Andreas Mierau 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(7):955-964
Many sports require athletes to rapidly transform visual information into a targeted motor response, a process referred to as visuomotor reaction. On the behavioural level, athletes have long been established to achieve faster simple visuomotor reaction times when compared to non-athletes. However, although the superior performance in athletes has been attributed to the central nervous system, the underlying neural mechanisms remained poorly studied. More recently, a growing number of neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies systematically addressed the functional and structural modulations in the athletes’ visual and motor systems as well as their contribution to visuomotor performance. This article reviews current research on structural and functional characteristics of the athletes’ cortical visuomotor system associated with simple visuomotor reactions, sports-specific visuomotor performance and visuomotor training. The primary objective is to shed light on the neural mechanisms potentially contributing to superior visuomotor reaction performance in athletes participating in visuomotor demanding disciplines. A more comprehensive understanding of performance-determining neural functions could provide great potential for diagnostics and training to improve athletic performance. 相似文献
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