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Empirical modeling of the score distributions associated with retrieved documents is an essential task for many retrieval
applications. In this work, we propose modeling the relevant documents’ scores by a mixture of Gaussians and the non-relevant
scores by a Gamma distribution. Applying Variational Bayes we automatically trade-off the goodness-of-fit with the complexity
of the model. We test our model on traditional retrieval functions and actual search engines submitted to TREC. We demonstrate
the utility of our model in inferring precision-recall curves. In all experiments our model outperforms the dominant exponential-Gaussian
model. 相似文献
2.
Aslam Fataar 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1997,43(4):331-348
This paper focuses on the policy issue of expanding schooling in a post-apartheid South Africa. The Project of placing about two million children of school-going age in school is viewed as central to the rebuilding of South Africa. The paper argues that this project should be located within the peculiar history of this country's educational underdevelopment. Challenging the constraining influence of the New Right context should be central in conceptualising the provision of expanded school access. Access policy should be based on a notion of educational development that is linked to the overall socioeconomic development of this society. The view is promoted in this paper that a policy of quantitative expansion of schooling should not ignore the quality of such schooling. 相似文献
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Shibba Takkar Chhabra Shivani Mehta Sandeep Chhabra Manikant Singla Naved Aslam Bishav Mohan Gurpreet Singh Wander 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2018,33(2):235-238
Torsades de pointes with prolonged QTc interval is a form of ventricular tachycardia. Many predisposing factors have been identified and hypocalcemia is among the rare ones. Our case illustrates that though rare, hypocalcemia might manifest as torsades de pointes with prolongation of QTc interval. Early diagnosis and management of dyselectrolytemia can prevent these patients from catastrophic torsades de pointes. 相似文献
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This paper uses the first nationally representative survey of teacher absence collected through direct observation to determine the patterns of absence among full-time teachers in public primary schools in Indonesia. Based on the survey data, the authors found a national teacher absence rate of 19%, with almost half of the absences due to unacceptable reasons. In general, highly educated teachers, contract teachers, and less experienced teachers have higher absence rates. There are also significantly higher absence rates in schools with inadequate facilities. In contrast, teachers who take on extra jobs outside teaching are not associated with more absences while being dissatisfied with income is actually correlated with lower absence. Finally, given that sanctions on shirking teachers are rarely implemented, they do not seem to lower cases of teacher absence. 相似文献
5.
Many queries have multiple interpretations; they are ambiguous or underspecified. This is especially true in the context of Web search. To account for this, much recent research has focused on creating systems that produce diverse ranked lists. In order to validate these systems, several new evaluation measures have been created to quantify diversity. Ideally, diversity evaluation measures would distinguish between systems by the amount of diversity in the ranked lists they produce. Unfortunately, diversity is also a function of the collection over which the system is run and a system’s performance at ad-hoc retrieval. A ranked list built from a collection that does not cover multiple subtopics cannot be diversified; neither can a ranked list that contains no relevant documents. To ensure that we are assessing systems by their diversity, we develop (1) a family of evaluation measures that take into account the diversity of the collection and (2) a meta-evaluation measure that explicitly controls for performance. We demonstrate experimentally that our new measures can achieve substantial improvements in sensitivity to diversity without reducing discriminative power. 相似文献
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This paper evaluates the status of digitization in 30 Nigerian university libraries with a view to identifying the status, progress, prospects and challenges to digitize library materials and form the basis of providing a roadmap to successful execution of digitization projects. The study assessed the status of digitization of past question papers, theses and dissertations in Nigerian university libraries from May to September 2006 through a self-administered questionnaire, site visits and interviews. It was found that, though there are automation services in those universities, there is no digitization of these materials mentioned in the surveyed institutions. The major obstacles militating against digitizing in the university libraries include lack of funds, lack of appropriate facilities, lack of skilled manpower and lack of constant electricity supply. Respondents were anxious to have the services to commence because of their importance in facilitating teaching, learning and research. 相似文献
8.
M- Adlim Soewarno S Hasbi Ali Armia Ibrahim Hasmunir Umar Khairil Ismail Usman A. Gani Ishak Hasan Burhanuddin Yasin 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2014,12(4):817-839
This study explored learning competency based on the Indonesian National Examination focusing especially on chemistry performance and the circumstances of senior high school students and teachers in rural areas of Simeulue Island, Indonesia. The National Examination total score and chemistry score for students in rural areas were consistently lower than students in urban areas during 2008–2010. The majority of rural students were failing to master key chemistry concepts. Their low performance on laboratory-based questions appeared to indicate that the associated practical work was not done as part of the chemistry courses. Some chemistry topics were not taught due to insufficient time, student weaknesses, insufficient textbooks, and other reasons. The issues of low competency of teachers, poverty for the majority of students, low enrollment in schools, and low competition among students in these rural senior high schools appeared to be common problems across rural settings. The local government has recommended providing a consolidated rural high school with qualified chemistry teachers, laboratories, and transportation to address factors negatively influencing student achievement. Furthermore, local rural school officials need to recruit and retain qualified teachers in these isolated areas, provide effective textbooks and instructional resources, and facilitate the professional development of chemistry teachers. 相似文献
9.
Mamuna Iqbal Usman Awan Salman Asghar 《The International Journal of Art & Design Education》2023,42(2):327-346
This study seeks to explore the impact of social upbringing on architectural learning. The theory of “habitus” helps to understand how students’ personality dispositions might affect the way they approach learning in the “field” of architectural education. The notions of learning approaches and knowledge codes in literature are used to develop a framework for the study that helps to explore the field of architectural education. It is a qualitative study, conducted through semi-structured interviews with 44 students in 10 architecture schools in Pakistan. Interviews explored students’ habitus as well as their learning approaches, later explored through the framework developed in the study. Interviews are transcribed and coded using Nvivo 12. A detailed analysis explores the connection between habitus and learning approaches and finds out that habitus plays a major role in determining the way students approach learning in Architecture, with most cultivated habitus students showing a deep learning approach. 相似文献
10.
关于培养中学物理教师科研能力的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
斯坎德尔·吾斯曼 《新疆教育学院学报》2004,20(2):40-43
掌握教育科研的基础知识，培养科研能力是中学教师继续教育的主要内容之一。本对中学教师应当具备的教科研素质进行了研讨，并对中学物理教师加强教科研方法教育进行了探索。 相似文献