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Analysing sexual experiences through ‘scenes’: a framework for the evaluation of sexuality education
Vera Paiva 《Sex education》2013,13(4):345-358
This paper describes an alternative approach to undertaking and evaluating sexual health promotion, focusing on the notion of sexual scenes and scenarios and how these can provide a vantage point from which to examine sexual experience. The concept of sexual scenes provides a context within which to analyse many of the behavioural and epidemiological factors associated with sexual practice. In principle, such an approach provides a tool for conscientization, action and the invention of novel group and individual repertoires that may result in individual and social mobilization for health and/or sexual and reproductive rights. Scenes can be elicited through individual interviews, group interviews and discussions, or through staged and dramatized performance and students' writing. Analysing sexual scenes offers an entry point for dialogue in sexual health promotion programming. Evaluation of these programmes can be part of the process of changing sexual scenarios. Change is witnessed not only through individual changes but, especially in impoverished communities, through challenges to dominant local sexual scenarios and engagement with structural concerns. 相似文献
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Tania Socorro Amorim Soares Federico Pizzuto Rui Manuel Garganta João Paulo Vila-Boas Mario Casimiro da Anunciação Paiva 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(7):766-770
The effects of running with or without shoes on injury prevention have been extensively studied, and several investigations have assessed biomechanical differences between them. However, findings are not consensual and further insights on biomechanical load associated with differently shod or barefoot conditions may be needed. This study aimed to observe if habitually shod marathon runners show acute alterations when running barefoot or with minimalist shoes, and to determine whether the running kinematical adaptations of wearing minimalist shoes were similar to barefoot running. Twelve male marathon runners ran on the treadmill at their average marathon pace in different footwear conditions: habitual running shoes, minimalist shoes, and barefoot. High-resolution infrared cameras and visual 3D software were used to assess kinematic data. The following parameters were studied: foot strike angle, cycle time, stance time, normalized stride length, hip, knee, and ankle angular position at initial contact, and their respective range-of-motion (ROM) during stance phase. Contrary to the expectations, it was found that highly trained habitually shod elite marathon runners changed their lower limb kinematic pattern both when running barefoot or wearing minimalist shoes. Minimalist shoes showed a trend towards intermediate biomechanical effects between running with and without shoes. 相似文献
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Patrícia Silva Betina Lopes Marco Costa Dina Seabra Ana I. Melo Elisabeth Brito Gonçalo Paiva Dias 《Higher Education》2016,72(6):703-721
This article aims to shed light on the current debate regarding the role of internships in higher education in graduates’ employability. In specific, it analyses empirical data on a large-scale study of Portuguese first-cycle study programmes, in order to explore indicators of the professional value of internships in the employability of higher education graduates. Results demonstrate that study programmes that include internships tend to significantly enhance graduates’ employability, particularly within the universe of polytechnic and public higher education institutions. Besides the instrumental value of internships, the impact of the nature and structure of the internship on the percentage of unemployed graduates are also discussed. Mandatory internships and the inclusion of multiple, shorter internships throughout the degree are negatively associated with unemployment levels. Results indicate work-based learning can be used as a successful strategy to bridge theoretical knowledge and practice and enhance graduate employability. These findings provide important insights for the evaluation and/or the design of internship programmes in higher education. 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE: The study examines the self-reported prevalence of childhood physical and sexual abuse in a large sample of Portuguese parents. METHOD: Nearly 1,000 parents (506 mothers and 426 fathers) were selected through public primary schools from the Northern area of Portugal. All completed the Portuguese version of the Childhood History Questionnaire (CHQ) [Journal of Family Violence 5 (1990) 15]. RESULTS: Results show that the prevalence of abuse was 73%, but more severe physical abuse involving sequelae/injury was reported by 9.5%. Most physical abuses began prior to age 13, with half continuing after age 13. No gender differences were found for rates of physical abuse. However, among the milder physical abuse without sequelae/injury, those women who experienced "whipping" or "slapping/kicking" were more likely to do so from their mothers than fathers. Among men who were "slapped/kicked" this was more likely to be from their fathers. Low rates of sexual abuse were found at 2.6% with no gender or age differences. Lack of a supportive adult in childhood related to the more severe abuses, but only in adolescence. Portuguese rates of abuse were consistently lower than those reported in USA and Spanish studies using the CHQ. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first retrospective, self-report study of childhood abuse in a large sample of Portuguese parents and, even with a participation rate of 69%, shows lower rates than in US and Spanish samples. 相似文献
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Pedro Rosário José Carlos Núñez Guilermo Vallejo Olímpia Paiva António Valle Sonia Fuentes Ricardo Pinto 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2014,29(4):577-601
In the framework of teacher’s approaches to teaching, this study investigates the relationship between student-related variables (i.e., study time, class absence, domain knowledge, and homework completion), students’ approaches to learning, and teachers’ approaches to teaching using structural equation modeling (SEM) with two independent data samples. The participants were 61 biology teachers and their corresponding 1,518 high school students (12th grade). The first sample was used to fit the model, and the second sample was used to analyze the consistency of the data derived from the first sample. Using a two-level SEM analysis, we established whether the effects found at the individual level varied significantly at class level. The students’ approaches to learning were related to the teachers’ approaches to teaching as a function of the hypotheses established in the model, although the effect size was smaller than expected. However, approximately 48 % of the variance of the surface approach and 46 % of the deep approach sat at class level. At the individual level, the results of this study suggest that students’ approaches to learning significantly explain their teachers’ approaches to teaching and, thus, constitute important contextual variables. At the class level, the way students learn appears to be closely associated with class-related variables. Our data stresses the importance of promoting educational opportunities (e.g., school-based courses) for teachers to reflect upon the teaching methodologies used in class. 相似文献
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This study aimed to evaluate body composition, sleep, precompetitive anxiety and dietary intake on the elite female gymnasts’ performance prior to an international competition. Sixty-seven rhythmic gymnasts of high performance level were evaluated in relation to sport and training practice, body composition, sleep duration, daytime sleepiness by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), sleep quality by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), precompetitive anxiety by the Sport Competition Anxiety Test form A (SCAT-A) and detailed dietary intake just before an international competition. Most gymnasts (67.2%) suffered from mild daytime sleepiness, 77.6% presented poor sleep quality and 19.4% presented high levels of precompetitive anxiety. The majority of gymnasts reported low energy availability (EA) and low intakes of important vitamins including folate, vitamins D, E and K; and minerals, including calcium, iron, boron and magnesium (p?p?=?.001), sport practice (p?=?.024), number of daily training hours (p?=?.000), number of hours of training/week (p?=?.000), waist circumference (WC) (p?=?.008) and sleep duration (p?=?.005). However, it was negatively correlated with WC/hip circumference (p?=?.000), ESS (p?=?.000), PSQI (p?=?.042), SCAT-A (p?=?.002), protein g/kg (p?=?.028), EA (p?=?.002) and exercise energy expenditure (p?=?.000). High performance gymnasts presented poor sleep habits with consequences upon daytime sleepiness, sleep quality and low energy availability. 相似文献
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TELEVISION PRODUCTION by Alan Wurtzel (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983---price not given) THE PROGRAM DIRECTOR'S HANDBOOK by Bob Paiva (Blue Ridge Summit, Pa.: Tab Books, 1983---$10.25 with hardback available) 相似文献
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Vanilda Paiva 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1995,41(3-4):151-175
Education in Brazil has been profoundly affected by populism, a movement which extols the virtue of the oppressed classes and opposes the traditional teacherstudent relationship. This movement has antecedents in nineteenth-century Russian writers such as Herzen and Bakunin. The author shows how populist ideas, often merging with Marxism, were adopted by many Brazilian Catholics from the 1950s onwards, under the influence of Vieira Pinto, Paulo Freire and others. In the realm of education this often led to an extreme form of anti-authoritarianism. While not denying certain positive aspects of this movement, the author argues that its position is fundamentally self-contradictory.
Zusammenfassung In Brasilien wurde die Bildung tiefgreifend vom Populismus beeinflußt, einer Bewegung die die Tugenden der unterdrückten Schichten herausstellt und die traditionelle Lehrer-Schüler Beziehung verurteilt. Diese Bewegung geht auf die russischen Schriftsteller des 19. Jahrhunderts wie Herzen und Bakunin zurück. Der Autor zeigt auf, daß viele brasilianische Katholiken seit Beginn der 50er Jahre unter Einfluß von Schriftstellern wie Vieira Pinto und Paulo Freire populistische Ideen im Einklang mit Marxismus aufgriffen. Im Bildungsbereich führt dies oft zu einer Extremform des Anti-Autoritarismus. Der Autor argumentiert, daß die Bewegung trotz gewisser positiver Aspekte fundamentale Widersprüche in sich birgt.
Résumé L'éducation au Brésil a été affectée en profondeur par le populisme, un mouvement qui exalte les valeurs des classes opprimées et s'oppose à la relation traditionnelle entre l'enseignant et l'apprenant. Ce mouvement puise sa source dans les thèses d'écrivains russes du XIXe siècle tels que Herzen et Bakunin. L'auteur décrit la façon dont les idées populistes, se mêlant fréquemment au marxisme, ont été reprises par de nombreux catholiques brésiliens à partir des années 50, sous l'influence de Vieira Pinto, Paulo Freire et autres. Dans le domaine de l'éducation, ce fait s'est souvent traduit par un anti-autoritarisme extrême. Sans pour autant en nier certains aspects positifs, l'auteur démontre que ce mouvement se contredit lui-même dans les positions qu'il défend.
Sumario La educación en Brasil ha sido profundamente afectada por el populismo, un movimiento que ensalza las virtudes de las clases oprimidas y rechaza la relación maestro-alumno tradicional. Sus antecedentes se remontan a escritores rusos del siglo XIX, entre ellos Herzen y Bakunin. La autora muestra cómo las ideas populistas, que se funden a veces con las del marxismo, fueron tomadas desde los años 50 por los católicos brasileños, a su vez influenciados por pensadores como Vieira Pinto y Paulo Freire. En el campo de la educación, esto ha conducido, a menudo, a formas exageradas del antiautoritarismo. Sin negar ciertos aspectos positivos del populismo, el artículo sostiene que sus posiciones son fundamentalmente contradictorias.相似文献