排序方式： 共有49条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Chayna J. Davis Valerie S. Knopik Richard K. Olson Sally J. Wadsworth John C. DeFries 《Annals of dyslexia》2001,51(1):231-247
The present study assesses the genetic and environmental etiologies of reading, rapid naming (RN), and their covariation by
fitting multivariate structural equation models to data from 587 twin pairs in which at least one member of the pair exhibited
reading difficulties (low-range) and from 360 control (normal-range) twin pairs who were tested in the Colorado Learning Disabilities
Research Center. Results from a bivariate phenotypic analysis with two hypothesized latent factors, READ and RN, indicated
that the correlation between reading and rapid naming performance for the low-range sample was significantly higher than that
of the normal-range sample. When this model was partitioned to include estimates of genetic, shared environmental, and nonshared
environmental influences, resulting heritability estimates did not differ significantly for the low-range and normal-range
samples for either READ or RN. However, similar to the phenotypic correlation, the genetic correlation between the READ and
RN latent factors could not be equated for the two groups. Thus, the etiology of the relationship between reading performance
and rapid naming may differ for children with reading difficulties and normally-achieving readers. Moreover, these results
support previous findings that the best predictors of reading skills may differ for samples of children with normal reading
levels and those with reading difficulties. 相似文献
2.
S. P. Newman H. Karle J. F. Wadsworth R. Archer R. Hockly P. Rogers 《Journal of Research in Reading》1985,8(2):127-138
The association of reading disability with perceptuomotor problems has had a chequered history. This study examines the relationship between a new test of ocular dominance and reading and spelling ability in a group of 323 schoolchildren. Similar rates for unfixed ocular dominance were found for poor readers as in comparable studies. The rates of unstable ocular dominance did not differ between those with reading and spelling difficulties and controls. These findings in a ‘blind’ study question the role of this test of eye dominance as a diagnosis of ‘dyslexia’. 相似文献
3.
Genetic and Environmental Etiologies of the Longitudinal Relations Between Prereading Skills and Reading 
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下载免费PDF全文 Micaela E. Christopher Jacqueline Hulslander Brian Byrne Stefan Samuelsson Janice M. Keenan Bruce Pennington John C. DeFries Sally J. Wadsworth Erik Willcutt Richard K. Olson 《Child development》2015,86(2):342-361
The present study explored the environmental and genetic etiologies of the longitudinal relations between prereading skills and reading and spelling. Twin pairs (n = 489) were assessed before kindergarten (M = 4.9 years), post‐first grade (M = 7.4 years), and post‐fourth grade (M = 10.4 years). Genetic influences on five prereading skills (print knowledge, rapid naming, phonological awareness, vocabulary, and verbal memory) were primarily responsible for relations with word reading and spelling. However, relations with post‐fourth‐grade reading comprehension were due to both genetic and shared environmental influences. Genetic and shared environmental influences that were common among the prereading variables covaried with reading and spelling, as did genetic influences unique to verbal memory (only post‐fourth‐grade comprehension), print knowledge, and rapid naming. 相似文献
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6.
Ted Wadsworth 《School Leadership & Management》2013,33(3):231-241
During 1988 and 1989 a university lecturer in education in New Zealand organised and ran a 2 year professional development programme for 67 secondary school heads, deputy heads and assistant heads. The nature and types of leadership challenges facing these practitioners were revealed. The organisation, content and delivery of the programme initially facilitated the professional development of the school leaders, but the restructuring of school administration throughout 1989 reduced their effectiveness considerably. 相似文献
7.
Brian Byrne William L. Coventry Richard K. Olson Jacqueline Hulslander Sally Wadsworth John C. DeFries Robin Corley Erik G. Willcutt Stefan Samuelsson 《Journal of Research in Reading》2008,31(1):8-21
As part of a longitudinal twin study of literacy and language, we conducted a behaviour‐genetic analysis of orthographic learning, spelling and decoding in Grade 2 children (225 identical and 214 fraternal twin pairs) in the United States and Australia. Each variable showed significant genetic and unique environment influences. Multivariate analyses revealed very high genetic correlations among the variables, indicating that the same genes are involved in their aetiology. These genes are partly independent of those contributing to intelligence. A further analysis indicated that the covariation between decoding and orthographic learning is mediated by shared genes rather than by a direct causal path. The authors argue that a learning parameter, most directly assessed by orthographic learning in this study, underlies all three literacy variables. The results are also discussed in relation to Share's self‐teaching hypothesis, which may require modification. 相似文献
8.
Janice M. Keenan Rebecca S. Betjemann Sally J. Wadsworth John C. DeFries Richard K. Olson 《Journal of Research in Reading》2006,29(1):75-91
We report preliminary behaviour genetic analyses of reading and listening comprehension from The Colorado Learning Disabilities Research Center. Although the twin sample with these new measures is still of limited size, we find substantial, and significant, genetic influences on individual differences in both reading and listening comprehension. In addition, word recognition and listening comprehension each accounted for significant independent genetic influences on reading comprehension. Together, they accounted for all the genetic influence on reading comprehension, indicating a largely genetic basis for the ‘simple model’ of individual differences in reading comprehension proposed by Hoover and Gough (1990) . 相似文献
9.
J. C. Defries Jim Stevenson Jacquelyn J. Gillis Sally J. Wadsworth 《Reading and writing》1991,3(3-4):271-283
The basic multiple regression model for the analysis of selected twin data (DeFries and Fulker 1985, 1988) was fitted to spelling data from 100 pairs of MZ twins and 71 pairs of same-sex DZ twins tested in the Colorado Reading Project (DeFries, Olson, Pennington and Smith 1991), and to data from 12 pairs of MZ twins and 15 pairs of same-sex DZ twins tested in the London twin study of reading disability (Stevenson, Graham, Fredman and McLoughlin 1984, 1987). Estimates of h
g
2
obtained from analyses of these data suggest that about 60% of the deficit of probands is due to heritable influences in both samples. When a regression model was fitted separately to data from males and females in the combined Colorado and London samples, resulting estimates of h
g
2
were 0.66±0.18 and 0.56±0.19, respectively, a nonsignificant difference. Collaborative analyses of data from additional twin studies of reading disability would facilitate more rigorous tests of hypotheses of differential genetic etiology as a function of group membership. 相似文献
10.
Peter A. Hastie Alice M. Buchanan Danielle D. Wadsworth Brandon J. Sluder 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):788-791
Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine if factor patterns of selected sports skills were similar for two samples, a skilled sample and one consisting of a wide range of skills. Comparisons were also made with kinesiological evidence regarding the patterning of basic sports skills. Data consisting of performance scores on various sports skills were available for 166 high school girls. Out of this sample, a smaller sample was drawn consisting of 69 girls who were above average in skill. Two factor models, alpha and incomplete image analysis, were used in the analysis of this data. The factor pattern of selected sports skills performed by subjects above average in skill was similar in many respects to that of a sample which included a wide range of skill. The primary difference lay in the clustering of overarm skills which appeared in the above-average factor pattern. The overarm and push patterns of the above-average sample resembled the patterns of skill obtained through kinesiological analysis. The structure of kicking, underarm, and sidearm skills remained obscure, based on the results of factor analytic techniques. 相似文献