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Research in Higher Education - This study employs difference-in-differences estimation to explore the relationship between the implementation of state merit-aid programs and students’... 相似文献
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Along and against the grain: the philosophy of the archive 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
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Claims that young infants fail to react in a social manner to one another and that toys preempt attention to peers were assessed by comparing the interactions observed between infant peers when they met in the presence of toys versus in their absence. 44 pairs of unacquainted infants (either 10--12 or 22--24 months of age) came with their mothers to an unfamiliar room. Without toys available in the room, infants of both ages more often contacted one another, smiled at and gestured to one another, and duplicated each other's actions. With toys, they showed and exchanged toys and spent more time synchronously manipulating similar play material. The results document that infants as young as 10 months of age are responsive to the person and behavior of an unfamiliar peer and that they are no less responsive than older infants to the social versus nonsocial aspects of a novel setting. 相似文献
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In view of the recent proliferation of school sexual abuse prevention programs and materials, this article critically examines current assumptions about the role of elementary school personnel in prevention and possible unintended consequences of such assumptions. These unintended consequences include emphasizing a simple solution to a complex social problem and contributing to victim blaming. Some dilemmas that arise for classroom teachers around predeveloped curricular materials and mandatory reporting are also explored. Teacher use of predeveloped materials may mean a diminishing of wider teaching skills and reduction of complex concepts to brief, noncontroversial interventions that may serve to mystify sexuality and unduly frighten students. Mandatory reporting, as it is frequently presented to teachers, can create further dilemmas by obscuring the ethical decisions inherent in the process, assuming consistently positive outcomes after reporting, and neglecting the context in which teachers work. The authors suggest that educators should be aware of these possible unintended consequences and dilemmas in order to maintain a broad perspective on child sexual abuse and to focus their efforts more effectively within a larger network addressing the problem. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Undergraduate students are increasingly being asked to conduct higher-level research in their areas of study. In order to address undergraduate needs, many academic librarians, especially those charged with crafting instruction, take critical thinking as a given in the teaching of information literacy skills. However, this review of the literature has revealed that, though there was some discussion of critical thinking in a library context in the mid 1980s, the concept did not really take hold until the 1990s, when higher education reform began to appear on many campuses. Additionally, the literature regarding critical thinking skills during this period exhibits four themes: (1) a lack of agreement among librarians and others on what critical thinking is and how it can be defined, (2) the importance of subject and course integration in the teaching of critical thinking skills in libraries, (3) the necessity of reaching undergraduate students, and (4) the special challenges of teaching critical thinking skills in an age when technology is changing so rapidly. 相似文献
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Higher Education - Drawing from resource dependence theory, this study explores the extent to which international student enrollment related to institutional decisions to shift to in-person... 相似文献
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Brenda D. Williamson Gloria D. Campbell‐Whatley Ya‐yu Lo 《Psychology in the schools》2009,46(10):1074-1083
Group contingencies have the advantages of encouraging individual students to collectively feel responsible for appropriate and inappropriate classroom behaviors and have shown effectiveness in improving students' behavior. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a random dependent group contingency on the on‐task behaviors of six high school students with high incidence disabilities in a resource classroom. The study used an ABAB reversal design, and the results of the study indicated that the random dependent group contingency intervention was positively associated with increases in on‐task behaviors for three of the six participants. Limitations and implications are discussed in relation to dependent group contingencies for high school students. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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Online learning is facilitated by various forms of computer-mediated communication (CMC). In higher education, CMC presents an opportunity to expand the learning community, even across national borders. This paper reports on two cycles of action research into the use of online discussion forums to enable groups of students from different countries to collaborate with each other in achieving learning outcomes specific to each group. The research data was obtained from questionnaires and focus groups with students and analysis of the content of the online discussion. The discussion was focused on the evaluation of prototype learning systems, produced by one group of students and evaluated by groups from two institutions in different countries, each of which had different, yet reciprocal, objectives to achieve from participating in the activity. The findings highlight the potential complexity of such an asymmetric collaborative activity, but indicate several advantages to students when the activity forms a distinct part of the pedagogical framework of their modules. For tutors planning similar trans-national collaborations, guidance points are offered that incorporate the findings from the research. Discussion par delÀ les frontières: les bénéfices de l’apprentissage coopératif. L’apprentissage en ligne est facilité par des formes variées de communication par ordinateurs (computer mediated communication CMC) Dans l’enseignement supérieur la CMC fournit l’occasion d’élarger la communauté d’apprentissage, même par delÀ les frontières. Dans cet article nous faisons rapport sur 2 cycles de recherche – action dans l’utilisation de forums de discussion en ligne pour donner la possibilité À des groupes d’étudiants de différents pays de callaborer l’un avec l’autre en réussiant des résultats d’apprentissage spécifiques À chaque groupe. Nos résultats de recherche ont été obtenues À partir de questionnaires et de groupes choisis d’étudiants et de l’analyse de contenu des discussions en ligne. La discussion était centrée sur l’évaluation de systèmes d’apprentissage prototypes produits par un groupe d’étudiants et évalués par des groupes de deux institutions dans des pays différents, chacun d’eux ayant des objectifs différents, et cependant réciproques, pour les réaliser par la participation à l’activité. Les résultats mettent en valeur la complexité potentielle d’une telle activité asymétrique coopérative, mais mentionnent divers avantages pour les étudiants lorsque l’activité forme une partie distincte du cadre pédagogique de leurs modules. Tous les tuteurs qui font des plans de telles collaborations transnationales, nous proposons des conseils et des lignes directrices qui incorporent les résultats de notre recherche. Besprechungen über Grenzen hinweg: Hilfen für Gemeinschaftliches Lernen. Online-Learning wird durch verschiedene Formen computergestützter Kommunikation (CMC: computer mediated communication) erleichtert. Im Bereich der höheren Bildung können durch CMC die Lerngemeinschaften ausgeweitet werden, selbst über nationale Grenzen hinaus. Mit diesem Beitrag berichten wir über zwei Zyklen von Wirkungsforschung in der Nutzung von Online-Diskussionsforen zur Ermöglichung von Zusammenarbeit zwischen Studentengruppen aus verschiedenen Ländern durch Benutzung von Arbeitsergebnissen der anderen Gruppen. Die Daten für unsere Ergebnisse haben wir über Fragebogen und studentische Focus-Gruppen sowie durch Analyse des Inhalts der Online-Diskussion erhalten. Die Diskussion war auf die Auswertung von Muster-Lehrsystemen konzentriert, die von einer Studentengruppe produziert und von Gruppen zweier Institutionen aus verschiedenen Ländern evaluiert. Jede Gruppe hatte unterschiedliche, sogar entgegengesetzte Aufgaben durch Teilnahme an der Aktion zu erfüllen. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die potentielle Komplexität einer solchen asymmetrischen Zusammenarbeit, weisen aber auf verschiedene Vorteile für Studenten hin, wenn die Aktivität einen deutlic hen Teil des pädagogisc hen Rasters ihrer Module dar stellt. Für Tutoren, die ähnlic he über nationale Zusammenarbeiten planen, stellen wir gerne Leitfäden mit den Ergebnissen unserer Forschung zur Verfügung. 相似文献
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Worsham Rachel DeSantis Andrea L. Whatley Melissa Johnson Katie R. Jaeger Audrey J. 《Research in higher education》2021,62(7):942-975
Research in Higher Education - Community college transfer pathways, whereby students begin their postsecondary enrollment at a 2-year institution, are an increasingly popular option for students... 相似文献