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在针刺过程中根据不同区域组织的结构和性质,给出了不同的生物力学模型：表皮无血管无神经,致密而坚硬,可以看作类固体;真皮及皮下结缔组织中血管神经等分布广泛,疏松而柔软。是典型的软物质。从杨氏弹性模量、压缩系数、动摩擦系数等方面对表皮的力学性质进行了研究分析,同时对结缔组织中具有代表性的物质胶原纤维和弹性纤维的力学性质进行了研究分析。结果表明提插法行针主要阻力来自表皮,“得气”后的主要阻力可能来自结缔组织收缩;捻转法行针主要阻力来自胶原纤维和弹性纤维的缠绕。弹性纤维独有的热力学性质在传递针刺能量中可能起着重要作用。 相似文献
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Jang K Xu Y Tanaka Y Sato K Mawatari K Konno T Ishihara K Kitamori T 《Biomicrofluidics》2010,4(3):32208
Recently, interest in single cell analysis has increased because of its potential for improving our understanding of cellular processes. Single cell operation and attachment is indispensable to realize this task. In this paper, we employed a simple and direct method for single-cell attachment and culture in a closed microchannel. The microchannel surface was modified by applying a nonbiofouling polymer, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) polymer, and a nitrobenzyl photocleavable linker. Using ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation, the MPC polymer was selectively removed by a photochemical reaction that adjusted the cell adherence inside the microchannel. To obtain the desired single endothelial cell patterning in the microchannel, cell-adhesive regions were controlled by use of round photomasks with diameters of 10, 20, 30, or 50 μm. Single-cell adherence patterns were formed after 12 h of incubation, only when 20 and 30 μm photomasks were used, and the proportions of adherent and nonadherent cells among the entire UV-illuminated areas were 21.3%±0.3% and 7.9%±0.3%, respectively. The frequency of single-cell adherence in the case of the 20 μm photomask was 2.7 times greater than that in the case of the 30 μm photomask. We found that the 20 μm photomask was optimal for the formation of single-cell adherence patterns in the microchannel. This technique can be a powerful tool for analyzing environmental factors like cell-surface and cell-extracellular matrix contact. 相似文献
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Kihoon Jang Yo Tanaka Jun Wakabayashi Reina Ishii Kae Sato Kazuma Mawatari Mats Nilsson Takehiko Kitamori 《Biomicrofluidics》2012,6(4)
Demand for analysis of rare cells such as circulating tumor cells in blood at the single molecule level has recently grown. For this purpose, several cell separation methods based on antibody-coated micropillars have been developed (e.g., Nagrath et al., Nature 450, 1235–1239 (2007)). However, it is difficult to ensure capture of targeted cells by these methods because capture depends on the probability of cell-micropillar collisions. We developed a new structure that actively exploits cellular flexibility for more efficient capture of a small number of cells in a target area. The depth of the sandwiching channel was slightly smaller than the diameter of the cells to ensure contact with the channel wall. For cell selection, we used anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecule antibodies, which specifically bind epithelial cells. First, we demonstrated cell capture with human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells, which are relatively homogeneous in size; in situ single molecule analysis was verified by our rolling circle amplification (RCA) method. Then, we used breast cancer cells (SK-BR-3) in blood, and demonstrated selective capture and cancer marker (HER2) detection by RCA. Cell capture by antibody-coated microchannels was greater than with negative control cells (RPMI-1788 lymphocytes) and non-coated microchannels. This system can be used to analyze small numbers of target cells in large quantities of mixed samples. 相似文献
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中国早期的留学生并不是由政府派出的。1847年1月 香港马礼逊学校校长布朗因病回美国“极愿携三五旧徒,同赴新大陆,俾受完全之教育”。（1）于是,才有了容闳、黄胜、黄宽三人赴美留学。尽管这是一次偶然的机遇,但却无意间拉开了近代中国留学西方的先河。从容宏的 相似文献
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Yo Takeuchi 《比较教育学》1991,27(1):101-112
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叶知秋 《珠海城市职业技术学院学报》2006,12(2):72-74
中央电视台第十二届青年歌手大奖赛与往届相比，有新意，有亮点，但也存在着严重不足。有些歌手刻意迎合评委的口味，玩技巧，没感情，其文化素质，与从山野来的、甚至没受过什么教育的原生态歌手比，也相形见出绌。中国的艺术教育、高等教育，应从中反思。 相似文献
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Yo Jackson Joy GabrielliKandace Fleming Angela M. TunnoP. Kalani Makanui 《Child abuse & neglect》2014
Within maltreatment research, type, frequency, and severity of abuse are often confounded and not always specifically documented. The result is samples that are often heterogeneous in regard to maltreatment experience, and the role of the different components of maltreatment in predicting outcome is unclear. The purpose of the present study was to identify and test the potential unique role of type, frequency, and severity of maltreatment to elucidate each variable's role in predicting outcome behavior. Data from 309 youth in foster care (ages 8–22) and their caregivers were collected using the Modified Maltreatment Classification System and the Behavioral Assessment System for Children, 2nd Edition (BASC2), to measure maltreatment exposure and behavioral outcome respectively. A measurement model of the BASC2 was completed to determine model fit within the sample data. A second confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was completed to determine the unique contributions of frequency and severity of maltreatment across four types of abuse to externalizing, internalizing, and adaptive behavior. The result of the CFA determined good fit of the BASC2 to the sample data after a few modifications. The result of the second CFA indicated that the paths from severity to externalizing behavior and adaptive behavior (reverse loading) were significant. Paths from frequency of abuse were not predictive of behavioral outcome. Maltreatment is a complex construct and researchers are encouraged to examine components of abuse that may be differentially related to outcome behavior for youth. Untangling the multifaceted nature of abuse is important and may have implications for identifying specific outcomes for youth exposed to maltreatment. 相似文献
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图书馆复印服务中的版权问题 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过介绍和比较美国、英国、德国、日本、意大利和我国版权法中有关图书馆复制的法律规定发现,我国国内图书馆在开展复印服务中普遍存在过量复印、整本复印、用于商业目的的复印等版权问题。图书馆应当通过增强图书馆员和读者的版权意识、规范复印行为、张贴版权告示、加强与中国版权保护中心的合作、提出合理立法建议等措施以避免版权风险。 相似文献
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Yo Takeuchi 《Higher Education》1997,34(2):183-198
The entry examination for admission to high schools and universitiesin Japan is a crucial element in the screening process, especially in thecase of the more prestigious institutions. This paper examines whycompetitive entrance examinations are such an important feature of thesystem, analyses their impact on the development of social character andthen discusses to what extent this social character interacts with that ofthe typical Japanese white collar worker, the one perpetuating the other.Credentialism alone is not a sufficient explanation of the Japanesephenomenon since there is no overall shortage of places. The outstandingfeature of the system is that applicants aim at institutions one rank higherthan one they are confident of entering. This is illustrated with a study ofdata from high schools in the Kansai District. The whole process can bedescribed as one of successive contests in which, as in a tournament, theprize (admission to a leading university) goes only to those who win inevery round of the competition. This in turn leads to the prize ofemployment by a major company since mostly these recruit on the basis of theuniversity of origin rather than the particular specialisation. The paperconcludes by suggesting that the process described constitutes a hiddenagenda for the production of conformists unlikely to challenge the ethos ofthe institution or organisation. There are, however, signs that smallercompanies have become more important in recruitment as the major companieshave reduced their intakes. Smaller companies cannot afford lengthy in-housetraining and are becoming more concerned with applicants' competences thanwith their universities of origin. 相似文献
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AbstractGyro sensor has been used to measure foot pronation during running with reliable results in previous studies, and the signals were not affected by the vibration of heel strikes. The purpose of this study was to observe the kinematic changes of the foot during intense running using a 3-axis gyro sensor. Fifteen male participants (average age: 24.5 ± 1.7 years; mean height: 174.1 ± 3.3 cm; mean body weight: 71.0 ± 5.5 kg) were recruited in this study. Foot kinematic changes were observed in 30-min intense running protocols. The comparisons of the signals from gyro and motion analysis system were also performed to determine the accuracy of the gyro and showed positive results. In the main experiment, the ankle range of motion (ROM) in the frontal plane, measured using a motion system, showed a significant increase over time. Accordingly, peak angular velocity in the frontal plane also showed a significant increase. The correlation between ankle ROM and peak angular velocity in the frontal plane is significantly high (r = 0.975). Moreover, peak angular velocity in the frontal plane is also significantly correlated with both rate of perceived exertion (RPE) (r = 0.911) and heart rate (r = 0.960). This study concluded that an alarm system for foot kinematic changes related to running injuries can be built based on the peak angular velocity of the foot in the frontal plane. 相似文献
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