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1.
Karen Burstein Craig J. Forsyth Raymond W. Biggar Sonya Hsu Steven Dick Paula Zeanah 《Journal of Criminal Justice Education》2017,28(3):411-427
Most youth in juvenile delinquent systems end up incarcerated due in part to poor decision-making skills. This study describes a theoretical framework undergirding the relationships across delinquency, learning climate, decision-making, and computational logic. This framework will inform a team of educators, criminologists, and psychologists, and their peers in computer science and mathematics, instructional software design, and content experts as they build and test an innovative instructional model for youth in secure care settings. The goal of the system is to improve human decision-making skills, while preparing youth for further education potentially leading to careers in STEM fields. 相似文献
2.
Windsor J Benigno JP Wing CA Carroll PJ Koga SF Nelson CA Fox NA Zeanah CH 《Child development》2011,82(4):1040-1046
This report examines 174 young children's language outcomes in the Bucharest Early Intervention Project, the first randomized trial of foster placement after institutional care. Age of foster placement was highly correlated with language outcomes. Placement by 15 months led to similar expressive and receptive language test scores as typical age peers at 30 and 42 months. Placement from 15 to 24 months also led to dramatic language improvement. In contrast, children placed after 24 months had the same severe language delays as children in institutional care. Language samples at 42 months confirmed that placement after 24 months led to lower expressive skill. 相似文献
3.
Charles H. Zeanah Megan R. Gunnar Robert B. McCall Jana M. Kreppner Nathan A. Fox 《Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development》2011,76(4):147-162
This chapter reviews sensitive periods in human brain development based on the literature on children raised in institutions. Sensitive experiences occur when experiences are uniquely influential for the development of neural circuitry. Because in humans, we make inferences about sensitive periods from evaluations of complex behaviors, we underestimate the occurrence of sensitive periods at the level of neural circuitry. Although we are most interested in complex behaviors, such as IQ or attachment or externalizing problems, many different sensitive periods at the level of circuits probably underlie these complex behaviors. Results from a number of studies suggest that across most, but not all, domains of development, institutional rearing limited to the first 4–6 months of life is associated with no significant increase risk for long‐term adverse effects relative to noninstitutionalized children. Beyond that, evidence for sensitive periods is less compelling, meaning that “the earlier the better” rule for enhanced caregiving is a reasonable conclusion at the current state of the science. 相似文献
4.
Memory and Executive Functioning in 12‐Year‐Old Children With a History of Institutional Rearing 
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下载免费PDF全文 Johanna Bick Charles H. Zeanah Nathan A. Fox Charles A. Nelson 《Child development》2018,89(2):495-508
We examined visual recognition memory and executive functioning (spatial working memory [SWM], spatial planning, rule learning, and attention shifting) in 12‐year‐olds (n = 150) who participated in the Bucharest Early Intervention Project, a randomized controlled trial of foster care for institutionally reared children. Similar to prior reports at 8 years of age, institutionally reared children showed significant deficits in visual recognition memory and SWM. Deficits in attention shifting and rule learning were also apparent at this time point. These data suggest that early experiences continue to shape the development of memory, learning, and executive functioning processes in preadolescence, which may explain broader cognitive and learning difficulties commonly associated with severe early life neglect. 相似文献
5.
Margaret C. Moulson Alissa Westerlund Nathan A. Fox Charles H. Zeanah Charles A. Nelson 《Child development》2009,80(4):1039-1056
Data are reported from 3 groups of children residing in Bucharest, Romania. Face recognition in currently institutionalized, previously institutionalized, and never-institutionalized children was assessed at 3 time points: preintervention ( n = 121), 30 months of age ( n = 99), and 42 months of age ( n = 77). Children watched photographs of caregiver and stranger faces while event-related potentials were recorded. Results demonstrate that institutionalized children show pervasive cortical hypoarousal in response to faces and that foster care is somewhat effective in remediating this deficit by 42 months of age. All 3 groups of children distinguished between the familiar and unfamiliar faces. These results have the potential to inform an understanding of the role of early experience in the development of the neural systems that subserve face recognition. 相似文献
6.
Marian J. Bakermans‐Kranenburg Howard Steele Charles H. Zeanah Rifkat J. Muhamedrahimov Panayiota Vorria Natasha A. Dobrova‐Krol Miriam Steele Marinus H. van IJzendoorn Femmie Juffer Megan R. Gunnar 《Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development》2011,76(4):62-91
Attachment has been assessed in the extreme environment of orphanages, but an important issue to be addressed in this chapter is whether in addition to standard assessment procedures, such as the Strange Situation, the lack of a specific attachment in some institutionalized children should be taken into account given the limits to the development of stable relationships in institutionalized care. In addition, this chapter discusses disinhibited or indiscriminately friendly behavior that is often seen in institutionalized children. Enhanced caregiving quality alone appears to be insufficient to diminish indiscriminate behavior, at least in some children, as evidenced by the persistence of indiscriminate behavior in children adopted out of institutions into adoptive families. We suggest that the etiology and function of indiscriminate, “friendly” behavior may be different for institutionalized versus not‐institutionalized children. In the first case it may reflect a distortion or disruption of early attachment relationships; in the latter case it is likely to result from the lack of expected input in the form of contingent interactions with a stable caregiver in early life. We try to delineate infant and caregiver characteristics that are associated with secure attachment in institutional settings, given the inevitable fact that large numbers of infants worldwide are being raised, and will be raised, in contexts of institutional care. We conclude that much further study is needed of the development of children's attachments following adoption out of an institutional setting. 相似文献
7.
CH. V. Ramana Devi M. P. J. S. Anandaraj 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》1994,9(1):21-23
The enhanced presence of calcium in the erythrocytes of thalassemia homozygotes along with an increase in cytosolic and membrane
bound CANP, and a decrease in membrane glycoprotein and total membrane sulfhydryl groups are statistically significant changes.In vitro loading of erythrocytes with calcium in the presence of lonophore A23187 caused similar changes pointing to the significance of calcium mediated proteolysis, especially by CANP in preparing erythrocytes
for the phagocytic event. 相似文献
8.
A F Korner C H Zeanah J Linden R I Berkowitz H C Kraemer W S Agras 《Child development》1985,56(1):38-42
Evidence from several longitudinal studies suggests that individual activity characteristics tend to persist over time and to influence the development of temperamental style. The activity of 50 children whose motility had been monitored by an electronic activity monitor when they were neonates was again monitored by an ambulatory microcomputer when they were 4-8 years old. Additionally, the parents of these children filled out the Behavioral Style Questionnaire by McDevitt and Carey. The results showed that the level of the children's day and night activity was unrelated. The vigor of neonatal movements was later positively related to high daytime activity. Also, the least vigorous infants tended to become the most inactive children during the day. The results further showed that the most active neonates became children who, as perceived by their parents, tended to approach rather than withdraw from new experiences. 相似文献
9.
采用正交试验L9（3^4）,对加热回流提取和超声提取优化广东紫珠总黄酮的提取工艺进行了比较研究.以提取物中总黄酮得率为评价指标,利用紫外分光光度法测定黄酮的含量.结果表明,加热回流提取的最佳工艺条件为A1 B3 C2,即乙醇浓度为60％、水浴温度为80℃、提取时间为2 h;超声法为A2 B1 C2,即乙醇浓度为70％、固液比为1：20、超声40 min.芦丁对照品9.4～75.2μg·mL^1范围内与吸光度呈良好的线性关系.加热回流提取法优于超声法,黄酮提取率达到9.27％. 相似文献
10.
Mark Wade Katie A. McLaughlin George A. Buzzell Nathan A. Fox Charles H. Zeanah Charles A. Nelson 《Child development》2023,94(1):e43-e56
We examined whether family care following early-life deprivation buffered the association between stressful life events (SLEs) and executive functioning (EF) in adolescence. In early childhood, 136 institutionally reared children were randomly assigned to foster care or care-as-usual; 72 never-institutionalized children served as a comparison group. At age 16 years, adolescents (n = 143; 54% female; 67.1% Romanian) self-reported recent SLEs, completed a battery of memory and EF tasks, and completed a go/nogo task in which mediofrontal theta power (MFTP) was measured using electroencephalogram. More independent SLEs predicted lower EF and more dependent SLEs predicted lower MFTP, but only among adolescents with prolonged early deprivation. Findings provide preliminary evidence that family care following early deprivation may facilitate resilience against stress during adolescence on EF. 相似文献