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Among the numerous inland river basins in the arid northwest China, Shiyang River basin is known for its most serious water shortage that constrains its social and economic developments and for some of the worst eco-logical and environmental deterioration in China. The research on the value of water resources used for ecosystem is the basis for reasonable allocation of water resources between users of ecosystem and economic system. In this paper the concept of dynamic value for the ecosystem services is proposed. A modified coefficient for the ecosys-tem service value per unit area is proposed according to the cover degrees of biomes combined with expert consul-tation. Based on the developmental stage coefficient and scarcity of ecological resources, a dynamic evaluation method is proposed. The theoretical formula and simple calculation formula of the sharing benefits coefficient and benefits per unit ecological water utilization are proposed. The result shows that the benefit of unit ecological water utilization in the lower reach was greater than that in the upper reach in the Shiyang River basin. 相似文献
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土壤水分随机模型支持下的土壤水平衡研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土壤水是联系陆地水文过程与生态过程的纽带,且土壤水分动态表现出明显的随机属性。所以土壤水分随机模拟逐渐成为当前生态水文学研究的一个热点,土壤水分随机模拟研究是土壤-植被-大气连续体（SoilPlant-Atmosphere Continuum,SPAC）水分传输机理的关键。本文系统分析了土壤水分随机模型的内涵。对当前典型的土壤水分随机动态模型进行归纳和总结,包括：Milly模型（step model）、Porporato模型（Linear Model）、Shutfleworth and Ellis模型（Ramp Model）、Rodriguez模型、Laio模型,并对这些模型在土壤水平衡分析中的应用进行了推导和分析。展望了土壤水分随机动态模拟与土壤水平衡研究未来发展方向：加强生态水文学实验研究,特别是加强高分辨率、长时间序列的土壤水分监测;加强理论模型的应用研究,广泛开展土壤水分随机模拟在我国非湿润区的应用;加强土壤水分随机模型在土壤水平衡分析及流域水平衡分析的应用,建立更加完善的基于土壤湿度概率密度函数的流域水平衡模型;加强全球变化、土地利用,土地覆被变化对土壤水分动态影响模拟研究。 相似文献
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