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文章对菌物生物多样性从下列三个角度进行了论述。首先,在自然界生物圈中的生物多样性包括物种、基因和生态系统三个层次;而物种多样性则是最基础和关键的。菌物是自然界物种多样性最丰富的两大类生物之一。其次,菌物分类学是研究菌物物种多样性的重要工具。第三,生物信息、菌种以及菌物原型参证的三个存取系统,作为菌物分类学的研究成果,是人类可持续发展所需要的可再生的生物资源的重要支撑系统。最后,为了加强对菌物物种多样性和基因多样性的研究、保护和开发,作者提出了4点建议。 相似文献
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In the present paper, ten lichen species from Xizang are reported. Three of them
are new species and three new infraspecific taxa. One species and one variety are
made as new combinations. The apothecium of Lethariella cashmeriana Krog is descri-
bed for the first time.
This paper also deals with nomenclatural problems of certain species. The authors
found that the specific epithets of Gyrophora hypococcina Jatta (A. Zahlbruckner,
1927, 1934) and G. hypocrocina Jatta (A. Zahlbruckner, 1930) were either orthographic
or typographic errors for G. hypococcinea Jatta (1902) (original spelling). According
to the Article 73:1 of the International Co de of Botanical Nomenclature [Leningrad
Code (1978)],. the epithet (hypococcinea) must be retained and the name Umbilicaria
hypococcinea (Jatta) Llano must, therefore be used substituting for U. hypococcina
(Jatta) Llano (1950; Lu, 1959).
The authors wish to express their sincere appreciation to Prof. T Ahti and Dr.O. Vitikainen (H) and Dr. Roland Moberg (UPS) for the loan of type specimens. 相似文献
3.
魏江春 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1966,11(1):1-10
In the present paper a new species of Lasallia Merat is described and placed under
a new subgenus Pleiogyra, characterized by having econcentrical multi-gyrate apothecia. In
consequence of this finding, the conception of plane disc in the genus Lasallia of Umbili-
cariaceae becomes untenable.
As a result of careful examination of rich materials, the writer considers the dif-
ference in disc found by Scholander among all species of the family is of certain signifi-
cance for classification. Unfortunately, Scholander’s classification is based solely on this
rather variable morphological character. If his view be adopted the new species will have
to be inserted into the genus Gyrophora Ach. emend. Schol. If accepting Llano’s division
of Umbilicariaceae into five genera, namely Lasallia, Agyrophora, Omphalodiscus, Umbili-
caria and Actinogyra, the new species will have to be considered a new genus of the
family.
The present writer considers both Scholander’s and Llano’s systems as being artificial,
because the former author emphasizes too much the unstable morphological appearance of
disc and the later simply divides the family into five genera simultaneously on the basis
of the stable and unstable characters of the various groups. In contrast with Scholander’s
and Llano’s systems Frey’s classification neglects wholly the difference in the characters of
disc. Such treatment is likewise unsound. The present writer supports the view held by
Flotow, Koerber, Elenkin and Savicz (1950). Nevertheless, he does not agree with Savicz
in erecting the subgenus Gyrophoropsis (Elenk. et Savicz) Savicz, because muriform spores
are present not only in the group having gyrate discs, but also in the groups having plane
and omphalic discs of the Genus Umbilicaria Hoffm. emend. Vej. The recognition of this
subgenus must therefore deny the basis on which the other four subgenera are established.
The system of Umbilicariaceae held by the writer is as follows:
I. Genus Lasallia Merat emend. Vej ...... Thallus pustulate; disc plane to econcentrical multi-gyrate; spores
1(2) per ascus, quite large, muriform.
1. Subgenus Lasallia...Disc plane.
2. Subgenus Pleiogyra Vej ...... Disc econcentrical multigyrate.
II. Genus Umbilicaria Hoffm. emend. Vej (syn. Gyrophora Ach. emend. Savicz)* ...Thallus non-pustulate;
disc plane and smooth or plane with central sterile column (or fissure) or with gyri; spores 8 per ascus,
simple, hyaline or becoming brown muriform, small.
1. Subgenns Agyrophora (Nyl.) Savicz ...... Disc plane.
(1) Section Agyrophora (syn. sect. Anthracinae emend. Llano). ..... Spores simple and hyaline.
(2) Section Dichroae Llano ...... Spores becoming brown muriform.
2. Subgenus Omphalodiscus (Schol.) Savicz ...... Disc with central sterile column or fissure.
(1) Section Omphalodiscus (syn. sect. Decussatae Schol.) ...... Spores simple and hyaline.
(2) Section Spodochroae Schol. ..... Spores becoming muriform.
3. Subgenus Umbilicaria...Disc with concentrical gyri; spores simple and hyaline or becoming muriform.
(1) Section Umbilicaria (syn. sect. Simplices Llano) ...... Spores simple and hyaline.
(2) Section Gyrophoropsis (Elenk. et Savicz) A. Zahlbr. (syn. sect. Muriformes Llano) ...... Spores
becoming muriform.4. Subgenus Actinogyra (Schol.) Savicz ...... Disc with radial gyri, proper margin absent. 相似文献
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