全球行动指南     

CE 《中国电子与网络出版》2002,(10)

兵种篇 《全球行动》让玩家可以在7种不一样的兵种中挑选一种来担任:侦察兵、突击队员、救护员、重机枪手、狙击手、爆破兵和情报员。通过所有兵种的训练和您的选择,每一种兵种都将拥有其独特的功用和操作装备的能力。  相似文献   

Response-cost punishment with pigeons: Further evidence of response suppression via token loss     

Raiff BR  Bullock CE  Hackenberg TD 《Learning & behavior》2008,36(1):29-41

Four pigeons responded on a two-component multiple token-reinforcement schedule, in which tokens were produced according to a random-interval 30-sec schedule and exchanged according to a variable-ratio 4 schedule in both components. To assess the effects of contingent token loss, tokens were removed after every second response (i.e., fixed-ratio 2 loss) in one of the components. Response rates were selectively lower in the loss components relative to baseline (no-loss) conditions, as well as to the within-condition no-loss components. Response rates were decreased to a greater degree in the presence of tokens than in their absence. To control for the effects of changes in the density of token and food reinforcement, two parts consisted of additional conditions where food density and token loss were yoked to those in a previous loss condition. In the yoked-food condition, tokens were produced as usual in both components, but the overall density of food reinforcement in one of the components was yoked to that obtained during a previous token-loss condition. In the yoked token-loss condition, tokens were removed during one component of the multiple schedule at a rate that approximately matched the obtained rate of loss from a previous token-loss condition. Response rates in these yoked components were less affected than those in comparable loss components, despite similar densities of token, exchange, and food reinforcement. On the whole, the results support the conclusion that contingent token loss serves as an effective punisher with pigeons.  相似文献   

Infant joint attention, temperament, and social competence in preschool children   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Vaughan Van Hecke A  Mundy PC  Acra CF  Block JJ  Delgado CE  Parlade MV  Meyer JA  Neal AR  Pomares YB 《Child development》2007,78(1):53-69

Infant joint attention has been observed to be related to social-emotional outcomes in at-risk children. To address whether this relation is also evident in typically developing children, 52 children were tested at 12, 15, 24, and 30 months to examine associations between infant joint attention and social outcomes. Twelve-month initiating and responding to joint attention were related to 30-month social competence and externalizing behavior, even when accounting for 15-month temperament ratings, 24-month cognition and language, and demographic variables. These results suggest that, in addition to associations with language and cognition, infant joint attention reflects robust aspects of development that are related to individual differences in the emergence of social and behavioral competence in childhood.  相似文献   

Relation between reading problems and internalizing behavior in school for preadolescent children from economically disadvantaged families     

Ackerman BP  Izard CE  Kobak R  Brown ED  Smith C 《Child development》2007,78(2):581-596

This longitudinal study of 105 economically disadvantaged children examined the relation between reading problems and internalizing behavior in 3rd- and 5th-grade assessments (8- to 12-year olds). The variable-centered results showed that reading problems predicted change in internalizing behavior in the context of child and family predictors. The person-centered results showed that children with reading problems in both grades had higher internalizing scores in 5th grade but not in 3rd grade than children with reading problems in 3rd grade or no problems. Child-reported negative emotion experiences varied similarly across grade. The results tie reading problems to emotional distress in school and support conclusions about the direction of effects and the internalization of academic difficulty for disadvantaged children.  相似文献   

Childhood neglect and adulthood involvement in HIV-related risk behaviors     

Klein H  Elifson KW  Sterk CE 《Child abuse & neglect》2007,31(1):39-53

OBJECTIVE: Much research has been done to examine the long-term effects of being victimized by sexual, physical, and/or emotional abuse in childhood, but much less research has focused on the impact of childhood neglect experiences. This study examines the role that childhood neglect has on adult women's involvement in HIV-related risky behaviors. METHODS: The data come from a study of 250 "at risk" women living in the Atlanta, GA metropolitan area, most of whom were African American. Data were collected in face-to-face interviews between 1997 and 2000. Multiple regression was used to explore the relationship between childhood neglect experiences, self-esteem, attitudes toward condom use, and involvement in HIV-related risky behaviors. RESULTS: Overall, the model tested received strong support by the study data. Childhood neglect led to reduced self-esteem. Neglect was associated with worsened attitudes toward condom use and women who experienced childhood neglect also reported more involvement in HIV risk behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: HIV intervention programs ought to target women who have experienced childhood neglect, as neglect experiences have adverse impacts upon their self-esteem, condom-related attitudes, and HIV risk behavior practices in adulthood.  相似文献   

SUNY Biomedical Communication Network: Irwin Pizer     

Lipscomb CE 《Bulletin of the Medical Library Association》2001,89(2):231-234

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Methodological considerations for researchers and practitioners using pedometers to measure physical (ambulatory) activity     

Tudor-Locke CE  Myers AM 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2001,72(1):1-12

Researchers and practitioners require guidelines for using electronic pedometers to objectively quantify physical activity (specifically ambulatory activity) for research and surveillance as well as clinical and program applications. Methodological considerations include choice of metric and length of monitoring frame as well as different data recording and collection procedures. A systematic review of 32 empirical studies suggests we can expect 12,000-16,000 steps/day for 8-10-year-old children (lower for girls than boys); 7,000-13,000 steps/day for relatively healthy, younger adults (lower for women than men); 6,000-8,500 steps/day for healthy older adults; and 3,500-5,500 steps/day for individuals living with disabilities and chronic illnesses. These preliminary recommendations should be modified and refined, as evidence and experience using pedometers accumulates.  相似文献   

REPORTS OF OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES     

Coffman CE 《Bulletin of the Medical Library Association》1938,27(1):44-71

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Searching for randomised controlled trials and clinical controlled trials in Thai online bibliographical biomedical databases   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Atsawawaranunt K  Adams CE  Roberts S 《Health information and libraries journal》2011,28(1):68-76

Background: Thailand is a poor but highly literate country in South‐East Asia with over 60 million people. A lot of biomedical research is undertaken but dissemination is limited. Objectives: To identify relevant Thai bibliographic databases and investigate accessibility, functionality and content, particularly in relation to randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and clinical controlled trials (CCTs). Methods: A systematic search for institutions productive of research and the databases in their libraries. Search each accessible database in both Thai and English, recording the functionality and content. Assess accessibility of the retrieved RCTs or CCTs by comparing to Pub Med holdings. Results: We found 32 different databases (29 accessible in UK) of various sizes, coverage and functionality but many with unique records of RCTs and CCTs (total, n = 781). Two hundred and nine of 781 trials were accessible on Pub Med (27%). However, 641 of the 781 trial records contain text in both English and Thai (82%) and 112 records were solely English (14%). Conclusions: Those undertaking comprehensive searches for RCTs/CCTs should, in addition to a Pub Med , search the Thai Medical Index and Thai Index Medicus databases, and the Khon Kaen University Library Catalogue.  相似文献   

对26家企业中心研究机构管理方法的调查     

Boso.  CE 林子龙 《中外科技政策与管理》1995,(9):47-51

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