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Pavlos Mihas 《Science & Education》2008,17(7):751-777
The paper examines different ways of using historical resources in teaching refraction related subjects. Experimental procedures
can be taught by using Ptolemy’s and Al Haytham’s methods. The student can check the validity of the approximations or rules
which were presented by different people. The interpretation of the relations is another subject. Refraction phenomena were
interpreted either by the principle of least time or by particles or by waves. The law of refraction can be used as an example
of a law which was discovered but put aside. The use of the law to construct lenses can be seen in Ibn Sahl’s hyperbolical
lenses. Al Farisi’s method of “cones” is used for the interpretation of the rainbow. Al Farisi’s model was discovered again
by Descartes. These models were not able to explain the supernumerary arcs. For this reason a simple wave model is presented.
The models proposed by Al Haytham of atmospheric refraction can be used to show that refraction actually cannot be considered
as the cause of the change of the size of the moon. Finally Huygens model of refraction in the atmosphere is used to introduce
the wave fronts as more fundamental than rays. 相似文献
2.
Sex differences in cognition have been the focus of intense debate for years. In this study, we examined the hypothesis that the pattern of sex differences in a visuospatial task may be differential due to environmental factors such as the participation of females in technical and scientific courses. A total of 452 undergraduate students (146 males and 306 females) participated in this study. Results showed a significant effect of academic discipline on both Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF) copy and recall scores. Significant effects of gender were found only on the recall condition. This pattern of results indicates that both gender and academic discipline may influence the performance on a visuospatial task such as ROCF. 相似文献
3.
In this paper are presented the views of Al Haytham and his predecessors on the shadows, the rectilinear propagation of rays
and the images produced by pinholes. Al Haytham had given erroneous views on the distribution of light in the shadows. Educational
applications of these are presented. These applications concern: (a) Simple experiments (b) Software. These applications give
an opportunity for a first presentation of some notions of photometry even to the primary level of education. Another important
use of the history of science is the explanation by Al Haytham of the ‘camera obscura’. This application is done both ways:
through an experimental setup and through the use of special software. 相似文献
4.
The Sound of Silence in Pedagogy 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this paper, we discuss some conditions for understanding silence as an act of self-criticality and caring for the Other, rather than as an instrumental or technical act identified through discipline or reflection. We first engage into a critical reading of Western and Eastern traditions of silence and use this to explore the pedagogical value of silence. Then we argue how an educational philosophy of silence can be a philosophy of otherness and theorize how teachers and students may reclaim a place for silence in educational settings. We contend that for that to happen teachers and students have to give up their position on the safe side of knowledge and embrace the inexpressible and unknowable. 相似文献
5.
Pavlos Kyrgiridis Vassiliki Derri Kyriaki Emmanouilidou Elizabeth Chlapoutaki Efthymis Kioumourtzoglou 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2014,18(2):73-90
The purpose of the present study was to develop a reliable and valid questionnaire for the self-evaluation of teacher effectiveness in physical education (SETEQ-PE). Initially, 90 items, based on the findings of the international bibliography on teacher effectiveness and effective teaching, were formed and then categorized in 11 thematic units (phase 1). The questionnaire was completed by in-service physical education teachers (N?=?470) in phase 2 (N?=?250) and phase 3 of the study (N?=?220). In each phase, the appropriate modifications were made on the basis of internal consistency and construct validity of the instrument. The final form of the SETEQ-PE consists of 25 items that evaluate six domains of teaching in physical education. The results showed that the self-evaluation questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool that can be used for assessing the work of the physical education teacher. Further, this tool might probably enhance a teacher's knowledge, understanding, motivation, and attitudes towards teaching. 相似文献
6.
George Lekakos Pavlos Vlachos Christos Koritos 《Ethics and Information Technology》2014,16(2):103-117
There is an emerging consensus in the corporate social responsibility (CSR) literature suggesting that the quest for the so-called business case for CSR should be abandoned. In the same vein, several researchers have suggested that future research should start examining not whether, but rather when CSR is likely to have strengthened, weakened or even nullified effects on organizational outcomes (e.g. Margolis et al. in Does it pay to be good? A meta-analysis and redirection of research on corporate social and financial performance. Working Paper, Harvard Business School, 2007; Kiron et al. in MIT Sloan Manag Rev 53(2):69–74, 2012). Using perspectives from several theoretical frameworks (Needs Theory, Technology Acceptance Theory, and Psychological Distance Theory), we contribute to the literature by empirically examining the tension between functional and sustainability attributes in a novel context, namely that of green e-banking services. The findings indicate that the positive effect of CSR on users’ attitudes towards green e-banking services is moderated by two primarily utilitarian information systems factors—namely perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness—and an important utilitarian individual difference variable—namely perceived self-efficacy with technology. Our findings are also important if interpreted within the context of the ethical decision-making literature (e.g. O’Fallon and Butterfield in J Bus Ethics 59(4):375–413, 2005), as they indicate that the linkage between moral judgment and moral outcomes is unlikely to be that straightforward. 相似文献
7.
We propose a method for search privacy on the Internet, focusing on enhancing plausible deniability against search engine query-logs. The method approximates the target search results, without submitting the intended query and avoiding other exposing queries, by employing sets of queries representing more general concepts. We model the problem theoretically, and investigate the practical feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed solution with a set of real queries with privacy issues on a large web collection. The findings may have implications for other IR research areas, such as query expansion and fusion in meta-search. Finally, we discuss ideas for privacy, such as k-anonymity, and how these may be applied to search tasks. 相似文献
8.
Colin Higgins Tarek Hegazy Pavlos Symeonidis Athanasios Tsintsifas 《Education and Information Technologies》2003,8(3):287-304
This document reports on the results of re-designing and re-implementing the Ceilidh courseware system. It highlights the limitations identified in the thirteen years of Ceilidh's use at the University of Nottingham. It also illustrates how most of these limitations have been resolved by re-designing Ceilidh's architecture and improving various aspects of the marking and administrating processes. The new system, entitled CourseMarker, offers enhanced functionality by adding useful features that have long been needed by Ceilidh's community. The paper concludes with an evaluation of the changes and a brief report on the experience of CourseMarker's use over the last three years. Finally, recent developments and future directions are discussed. 相似文献
9.
Pavlos Eleftherios Evangelidis Matthew Thomas Gerard Pain Jonathan Folland 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(3):309-319
It is currently unclear how football participation affects knee-joint muscle balance, which is widely considered a risk factor for hamstrings injury. This study compared the angle-specific functional hamstring-to-quadriceps (H:Q) ratio (hamstrings eccentric torque as a ratio of quadriceps concentric torque at the same knee-joint angle) of football players with recreationally active controls. Ten male footballers and 14 controls performed maximal voluntary isometric and isovelocity concentric and eccentric contractions (60, 240 and 400° s?1) of the knee extensors and flexors. Gaussian fitting to the raw torque values was used to interpolate torque values for knee-joint angles of 100–160° (60° s?1), 105–160° (240° s?1) and 115–145° (400° s?1). The angle-specific functional H:Q ratio was calculated from the knee flexors eccentric and knee extensors concentric torque at the same velocity and angle. No differences were found for the angle-specific functional H:Q ratio between groups, at any velocity. Quadriceps and hamstrings strength relative to body mass of footballers and controls was similar for all velocities, except concentric knee flexor strength at 400° s?1 (footballers +40%; P < 0.01). In previously uninjured football players, there was no intrinsic muscle imbalance and therefore the high rate of hamstring injuries seen in this sport may be due to other risk factors and/or simply regular exposure to a high-risk activity. 相似文献
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