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Anatomy has historically been a cornerstone in medical education regardless of nation or specialty. Until recently, dissection and didactic lectures were its sole pedagogy. Teaching methodology has been revolutionized with more reliance on models, imaging, simulation, and the Internet to further consolidate and enhance the learning experience. Moreover, modern medical curricula are giving less importance to anatomy education and to the acknowledged value of dissection. Universities have even abandoned dissection completely in favor of user‐friendly multimedia, alternative teaching approaches, and newly defined priorities in clinical practice. Anatomy curriculum is undergoing international reformation but the current framework lacks uniformity among institutions. Optimal learning content can be categorized into the following modalities: (1) dissection/prosection, (2) interactive multimedia, (3) procedural anatomy, (4) surface and clinical anatomy, and (5) imaging. The importance of multimodal teaching, with examples suggested in this article, has been widely recognized and assessed. Nevertheless, there are still ongoing limitations in anatomy teaching. Substantial problems consist of diminished allotted dissection time and the number of qualified anatomy instructors, which will eventually deteriorate the quality of education. Alternative resources and strategies are discussed in an attempt to tackle these genuine concerns. The challenges are to reinstate more effective teaching and learning tools while maintaining the beneficial values of orthodox dissection. The UK has a reputable medical education but its quality could be improved by observing international frameworks. The heavy penalty of not concentrating on sufficient anatomy education will inevitably lead to incompetent anatomists and healthcare professionals, leaving patients to face dire repercussions. Anat Sci Educ 3: 83–93, 2010. © 2010 American Association of Anatomists. 相似文献
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While open innovation provides a new paradigm to sustain a firm’s competitive advantage, opening up to external knowledge also entails substantial risks of appropriation and opportunism. Building on this “open paradox” framework, this study investigates whether societal trust—a key aspect of informal cultural norms—serves as an effective mechanism in improving relational governance among partners, thereby leading to better collaborative outcomes. Using a novel panel data on co-owned patents across 29 countries, we show that firms in high trust countries are able to produce a higher level of joint output (i.e., co-owned patents). This effect is more pronounced when perceived opportunism is higher (i.e., firms in high-tech industries, or in countries with less disclosure transparency), and when formal contracts are less enforceable (i.e., in countries with relatively weak legal systems). We further show that open innovation is the channel through which societal trust promotes innovative efficiency. Overall, our study establishes societal trust as a key factor in influencing the efficiency of open innovation. 相似文献
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Ramesh C. Kamboj Neera Raghav Ashwani Mittal Shiwani Khurana Rachna Sadana Hari Singh 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2003,18(2):39-47
The cysteine proteinases like cathepsins B, L and H are main hydrolytic enzymes present in lysosomes and play an important
role in intracellular protein degradation. Tuberculosis and leprosy, both are tissue- destructive diseases. Main drugs used
in chemotherapy of these diseases may inhibit the main lysosomal cysteine proteinases i.e. cathepsins B, L and H released
during tissue destruction and thus prevent the further destruction of tissue by these enzymes. So the aim of this study is
to see the effect of antituberculous and antileprotic drugs on these proteolytic enzymes. The effect of commonly used antituberculous
and antileprotic drugs was screened on the activities of purified brain lysosomal cysteine proteinases namely cathepsins B
[EC 3.4.22.1], L [EC 3.4.22.15] and H [EC 3.4.22.16]. Among the antileprotic drugs, only clofazimine inhibited the enzymic
activities whereas dapsone had no effect whatsoever. In antituberculous drugs, rifampicin was the most inhibitory while isoniazid
had little inhibitory potency. Streptomycin and pyrazinamide did not effect the activities at all. As regards the mechanism
of inhibition, clofazimine and isoniazid inhibited the enzymes in a non-competitive manner with K values of 0.25 mM and 5.0
mM for cathepsin B, 0.071 mM and 0.833 mM for cathepsin L and 1.513 mM and 0.885 mM for cathepsin H, While rifampicin could
effect in a competitive manner with Ki values of 0.03 mM, 0.125 mM and 0.027 mM for cathepsin B, L and H respectively. 相似文献
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Chhillar N Khurana S Agarwal R Singh NK 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2011,26(1):46-49
Advances in instrument technology and automation have simplified tasks in laboratory diagnostics reducing errors during analysis
thereby improving the quality of test results. However studies show that most laboratory errors occur in the pre-analytical
phase. In view of the paucity of studies examining pre-analytical errors, we examined a total of 1513 request forms received
at our laboratory during a 3 month period. The forms were scrutinized for the presence of specific parameters to assess the
pre-analytical errors affecting the laboratory results. No diagnosis was provided on 61.20% of forms. Type of specimen was
not mentioned in 61.60% of the forms and 89.25% of all forms were illegible. Critical results were encountered in 17.30% of
patients, and of these 76.60% were not communicated due to incomplete forms. Thus, by following standard operating procedures
vigorously from patient preparation to sample processing the laboratory results can be significantly improved without any
extra cost. 相似文献
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Stronger Working Memory Reduces Sexual Risk Taking in Adolescents,Even After Controlling for Parental Influences 
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下载免费PDF全文 Atika Khurana Daniel Romer Laura M. Betancourt Nancy L. Brodsky Joan M. Giannetta Hallam Hurt 《Child development》2015,86(4):1125-1141
This study examined the prospective influence of adolescent working memory (WM) on changes in impulsivity and sexual risk taking and assessed whether this relation could be explained by confounding effects of parental influences. Data from 360 community adolescents (Mage = 13.5 ± 0.95 years; 52% female; 56% non‐Hispanic White; low‐mid socioeconomic status (SES); recruited from Philadelphia area in 2004–2005) were analyzed using structural equation modeling to predict changes in impulsivity and sexual risk taking over a 2‐year follow‐up, using baseline assessments of WM, parental monitoring, parental involvement, and SES. Stronger WM predicted reduced involvement in sexual risk taking at follow‐up, effects channeled through changes in impulsivity dimensions of “acting without thinking” and “inability to delay gratification.” Parental variables had a protective influence on adolescent impulsivity and risk involvement, but the effects of WM operated independently of parental influences. 相似文献
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Dinesh Khurana 《Resonance》2012,17(7):691-693
In this section of Resonance, we invite readers to pose questions likely to be raised in a classroom situation. We may suggest strategies for dealing with them, or invite responses, or both. ??Classroom?? is equally a forum for raising broader issues and sharing personal experiences and viewpoints on matters related to teaching and learning science. 相似文献
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The use of ultrasound for promoting chemical reactions is described. 相似文献
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