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1.
Rai S Kookana Basant Maheshwari Peter Dillon Seema H Dave Prahlad Soni Hakimuddin Bohra 《International Journal of Inclusive Education》2016,20(11):1155-1171
A survey was conducted in eight secondary schools located in two watersheds in Gujarat and Rajasthan (semi-arid region of India) to assess students’ perceptions about groundwater scarcity issues and the impact of the scarcity on their educational opportunities. Survey responses to a detailed questionnaire by a cohort of students in both watersheds; school attendance records of year 8 class students (13–14 years old) and responses gathered via a socio-economic survey involving 500 families in the study area were used in the study. In both watersheds, >90% students identified groundwater scarcity as a major issue. Required to work at home or farm, about 65% students in Gujarat and 60% in Rajasthan missed school for up to 2 days/month; and a smaller proportion (～ 30%) missed schools for 4 or more days/month. School absenteeism was found to be linked with gender; female students missed schools more frequently than their male counterpart. The school attendance records in Rajasthan showed that the frequency of female students missing schools for 5 or more days/month was on an average 2–10 times greater than that for males. The gender difference in absenteeism in all schools was statistically significant (P?<?.018**). The study highlighted that groundwater scarcity in the study area, and consequent demand on their time for household work including fetching drinking water are contributing factors towards limiting their educational and economic opportunities. Groundwater scarcity can be one of the key factors that can limit inclusiveness and empowerment of women and need to be considered in policy-making. 相似文献
2.
Ramesh Maheshwari 《Resonance》2006,11(4):33-44
The roots of most land plants establish intimate associations with soil fungi. This association of plant roots with fungi
is termed mycorrhiza. It is a marriage between two highly dissimilar organisms based on mutual exchange of nutrients: while
the plants provide photosynthetically made carbon compounds to the fungi, the fungi in turn provide to the plants nitrogen
and phosphorus scavenged from the breakdown of organic polymers in natural substrates. This mutually beneficial partnership
makes possible the green cover on Earth and of all life, ultimately, dependent on plants. 相似文献
3.
Ghizal Fatima Abbas Ali Mahdi Siddharth Kumar Das Baby Anjum Nar Singh Verma Puneet Kumar Ragini Shrivastava 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2012,27(4):340-343
The present study was designed to test the hypothesis of a circadian variation in circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in women with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). Serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were measured at 4 h intervals of the day in 50 women with FMS satisfying American College of Rheumatology criteria for FMS (age 36.68 ± 9.89) as well as 50 healthy control women (age 32.82 ± 10.53). Serum TNF-α levels were substantially increased in patients with FMS but showed no circadian variation. In contrast, no difference in the levels of IL-6 was found. Moreover, there was also no circadian variation in both the groups of patients and controls. We conclude that no circadian pattern exists in the circulating levels of serum IL-6 and TNF-α in patients with FMS, although TNF-α levels are found raised in patients with FMS. 相似文献
4.
B. L. Maheshwari M. Plunkett 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2015,21(3):267-282
Purpose: The aim of this article to examine key irrigation management issues and their implications for future research and extension developments.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Peri-urban landscapes are important as they supply fresh fruit, vegetables, turf, ornamental plants and other farm products to the cities. In this study, the Hawkesbury–Nepean Catchment (HNC) was used as a case study and a number of farmers were selected to examine how they use the available technologies for irrigation scheduling to make better decisions for developing water management strategies on their farms. The farmers who participated in the study were mainly growing fruit, turf, vegetables, pasture, olive trees and cut flowers.
Findings: It was observed that a range of factors influenced correct irrigation scheduling decisions of farmers, including their limited understanding of the soil-water-plant relationship, costs of implementing soil-moisture monitoring technology and finding a date for irrigation activity that is compatible with their other farm tasks. It was also found that the farmers’ experiential knowledge played an important role in their irrigation scheduling decisions. The study indicated that irrigation scheduling approaches, which have a low labour requirement and are cost effective and easy to use would be helpful to farmers.
Practical Implications: The study highlighted that there are some irrigation management issues for research and extension that are specific to peri-urban farming and as such they need to be addressed to improve irrigation management and to cope with future water scarcity in urban and peri-urban landscapes.
Originality/Value: This is one of few studies that examine irrigation scheduling issues in a peri-urban context. The study has revealed that irrigation scheduling in reality cannot be an exact science, but it needs to accommodate various farmer constraints in field situations and may have implication for extension activities in peri-urban and other regions. 相似文献
5.
The water-repellent surface of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) leaf and flower is due to nanosized wax papillae on the upper side of each epidermal cell. As a result, raindrops make a
high contact angle with the papillae and roll off carrying dust and dirt particles, leaving the surface clean. This self-cleaning
property of highly hydrophobic surfaces, termed as the lotus effect, has opened the possibilities of fabricating superhydrophobic
surfaces for a variety of products. 相似文献
6.
In the recent years, two significant changes have taken place in an effort to address rural poor: Businesses have started recognizing potential of rural markets and governments have started using telecenters for providing G2C services to rural citizens. In India, the national and sub-national governments have supported businesses to establish telecenters in rural areas to provide information technology enabled services. However, the focus so far has been mostly on B2C services and viability of telecenters is being questioned. We argue that sustainability of these centers can be enhanced considerably if government services are embedded. Also, designing these telecenters with embedded G2C services would significantly improve effectiveness of their delivery and strengthen government information network, to foster inclusive growth. 相似文献
7.
Ramesh Maheshwari 《Resonance》2008,13(6):541-547
Most plants are attached via their roots to specialized fungi. The filamentous hyphae of these fungi extend beyond the nutrient-depleted
zone in the soil, absorbing and supplying nutrients to the plants in exchange for photosynthetically-made carbon compounds
manufactured by the plant. The hyphae also attach to litter and decompose the organic matter, releasing the mineral ions sequestered
in the structural polymers. The mineral ions are absorbed and translocated to the roots. Most plants are so dependent on their
fungal partners for supplying nutrients that they languish or die without them. Our understanding of this fascinating interaction,
to a large extent, has come from the pioneering work of Sir David J Read, FRS, Emeritus Professor of Plant Sciences at the
University of Sheffield, UK.
Ramesh Maheshwari is a former Professor and Chairman of the Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Banglaore.
This is his sixth article for Resonance. 相似文献
8.
9.
Ramesh Maheshwari 《Resonance》2005,10(9):23-36
Amazing microorganisms thrive at high temperatures incompatible with the familiar forms of life. A few species from hot springs
or from the vicinity of hydrothermal vents at the floor of the oceans are the basis of a multimillion dollar industry. An
entirely new form of animal life has been discovered around the volcanic eruptions from the sea floor. This animal life thrives
in the permanently dark environment only because it harbors symbiotic bacteria that synthesize food molecules from inorganic
chemicals in the emissions. Thermophilic microorganisms are involved in composting and humification in terrestrial habitats. 相似文献
10.
Israr Ahmad Tabrez Jafar Farzana Mahdi Md. Arshad Siddharth Kumar Das Shah Waliullah Abbas Ali Mahdi 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2018,33(4):429-437
Osteoporosis is a systemic disease with a strong genetic component. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) has been suggested as a candidate gene for osteoporosis. Therefore the present study was aimed to investigate the pattern of allelic variants of VDR gene polymorphism (FokI and BsmI), its influence on vitamin D levels and bone mineral density (BMD) in North Indian postmenopausal women with osteoporosis for possible genetic association. 254 postmenopausal osteoporotic women and 254 postmenopausal non osteoporotic women were included in the study. VDR FokI and BsmI gene polymorphism gene were assessed by the PCR-RFLP method. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was measured by the ELISA. BMD at the L1–L4 lumbar spine, hip, forearm and femoral neck was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The average BMD at spine and hip in postmenopausal women with bb and spine, hip, femoral neck and forearm with ff genotype had significantly low BMD. The frequency of ff genotype and f allele was significantly higher in postmenopausal osteoporotic women when compared with postmenopausal non osteoporotic women. However, no significant association was found between the genotypes and vitamin D levels. Our study reveals that VDR gene FokI and BsmI polymorphism is significantly associated with low bone mineral density. Therefore the ff genotype and f allele of VDR FokI gene may be used as an important risk factor for osteoporosis. 相似文献