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This paper first discusses the corrections of the errors which Jong and Zobrist made in Ref. (1) and next describes the sign determination suitable forthese topological formulas. The technique for sign determination is based on the node partitioning algorithm which is also presented. 相似文献
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The quantization error of a digital filter employing fixed-point arithmetic with sign-magnitude truncation is analyzed. The effect of coefficient quantization is also included. Exact analyses are presented first for Gaussian, sinusoidal and Gaussian plus sinusoidal inputs. Quasi-linearization is then employed to yield a simple computation method of the output noise variance. The resulting expression contains parameters that depend on the input signal statistics. An upper bound is given that is independent of these statistics. Explicit expressions are given for the second-order sections of the digital filter realized in the D1 and D2 forms together with a general expression for the cascade connection of the second-order sections. 相似文献
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Yoshikazu Ogawa 《Higher Education》2002,43(1):85-108
This essay examines how Japaneseresearch universities have changed from anorganizational perspective over the past tenyears. First, Japan has modified graduateeducation to better compete with othercountries. The traditional undergraduateschool-centered system has been changed toinclude a focus on graduate education. Sincegraduate schools are more sensitive to changesin and generation of new knowledge, this newfocus affects various areas of universities,including the status of professors. Second,universities have become loosely coupledsystems as a result of recent reforms, such asintroducing a ``large' chair system and theseparation of teaching and research. This neworganizational structure makes universitiesmore flexible and more receptive to furtherreforms. Finally, the loosely coupledstructure of Japanese universities requires thecreation and standardization of universityculture. The introduction of newvice-president positions will contribute to theformation of university identity rather thanstrengthen of governance systems. 相似文献
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Volume Contents
Contents Vol. 43 相似文献
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