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1.
SYNOPSISObjective: Infant cry, a major stressor for caregivers, is one of the leading triggers of child abuse. The present study examined the effects of spousal support, spousal presence, and the possible moderating effect of attachment insecurity on individuals’ subjective and physiological responses to infant cry. Design: Thirty-one healthy mothers (M age = 36 years) and their spouses participated in an infant crying paradigm, where mothers were tasked to listen to infant cries under three conditions: (1) alone, (2) in the same room as partner, without physical contact, and (3) in the same room as partner, with hand-holding. Attachment was determined using the Experiences in Close Relationship Questionnaire, and physiological response was ascertained from concentration of salivary α-amylase (sAA). After each cry sound, sAA level and subjective responses to infant cry were assessed. Results: Multilevel regression analyses revealed that trait attachment-anxiety moderated the effect of spousal presence on sAA. Specifically, mothers with high attachment-anxiety showed reduced sAA when their spouse was present, which indicates that spousal support is effective for mothers with high attachment-anxiety. Conclusions: Findings from this study translate to promising clinical applications for the management of parenting stress from infant cry. 相似文献
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Kazuyuki Nomura 《Curriculum Journal》2017,28(4):626-641
In the 2000s, the new national curriculum, dubbed as the ‘yutori curriculum,’ introduced a new subject for project-based learning ‘Integrated Study’ as its prominent feature. Comparing curriculum orientations in project-based learning in three historical periods after the WWII including Integrated Study, this paper aims to offer a genealogy of postwar Japanese school curriculum primarily based on a critical reading of the national curriculum guidelines on project-based learning, which is emblematic of the extending power of postwar Japan's curriculum authorities. Although Integrated Study was purportedly child-centered and put emphasis on each child's personal relevance and each school's autonomy, the finding of this study shows that Integrated Study in the yutori curriculum was rather a technology that disciplined schools, teachers, and classroom processes to shape children into morally good and cognitively flexible Japanese nationals. Despite its rhetoric of child-centeredness and personal relevance, the introduction of Integrated Study as part of the yutori curriculum was ultimately part of the state's move to gain further control over schooling. 相似文献
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Desde una perspectiva socio-cultural los autores ven las “concepciones ingénuas” en física no como simples entidades o representaciones mentales, sino como construcciones de un sistema interactivo entre el mundo real y los dispositivos cognitivo-culturales de una determinada cultura. En esta perspectiva el cambio conceptual desde una concepción “ingenua” a una científica sería sólo y más bien un cambio de meta-contexto cultural e implica más un proceso de recontextualización que la simple transición de una estructura conceptual a otra. 相似文献
4.
Naoki Kuramoto 《Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice》2018,25(4):415-433
Currently, large-scale testing in Japan faces conflicting requirements derived from principles of education on the one hand, and measurement, on the other. Issues of affective ambivalence towards tests (i.e. test aversion and dependence) are also observed. The seemingly conflicting government discussions regarding the national assessment of academic achievement at primary and middle schools, and reforms to university entrance examinations, are discussed here in terms of these issues. 相似文献
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Naoki Kikuchi Eri Miyamoto-Mikami Haruka Murakami Tomohiro Nakamura Seok-Ki Min Masuhiko Mizuno 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(6):694-701
Aim: Recent meta-analyses of the literature confirmed the association between the RR+RX genotype of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and elite sprint/power athletic status in Europeans but not in Asians and Africans, while the association between the R577X genotype and elite endurance athlete status is less convincing. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between the ACTN3 R577X genotype and elite athlete status in a large Asian (Japanese) cohort of track and field athletes. Methods: One-thousand fifty-seven Japanese track and field athletes (627 sprint/power athletes and 430 endurance athletes) and 810 Japanese controls were genotyped for the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism (rs1815739) by using the TaqMan® SNP Genotyping Assay. Results: Elite sprint/power athletes had a higher frequency of the RR+RX genotype than the controls (OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.16–2.18; P?=?.003). A significant linear correlation was found between the RR?+?RX genotype and athlete status (i.e. regional?P?=?.001 for trend) and long-distance runners (regional: 65%, national: 72%, international: 82%; P?=?.030 for trend). Conclusions: The data obtained for this large Asian (Japanese) cohort of track and field athletes served to confirm the association between the RR?+?RX genotype of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and elite sprint/power athlete status and also the association between the ACTN3 RR?+?RX genotype and long-distance running athletic status. 相似文献
7.
To investigate patterns of interpersonal criticism in Japan and United States, preliminary interviews were conducted. Three major variables: sources of dissatisfaction; the status of communicative partners: and modes of giving criticism were identified. These variables were incorporated into an Interpersonal Criticism Questionnaire and then administered to 149 Japanese and 168 American college students of both sexes, after establishing cross-cultural equivalence. The results demonstrated a significant difference between the two cultures, but no significant difference between the sexes. Both cultures favored expressing dissatisfaction in a direct way, but Japanese more frequently employed passive forms of criticism and Americans active forms. While Japanese consistently adapted critical messages to the status of their communicative partners, Americans consistently adapted their critical messages to the character of the provocation. 相似文献
8.
The education for sustainable development movement in Japan: a political perspective 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
The Japanese government provided various political opportunities for non‐governmental groups and individuals in Japan to ‘jointly propose’ policy on education and sustainable development at the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, 2002. These opportunities resulted in the emergence of the Japanese education for sustainable development (ESD) movement, and the crystallisation of a broader proposal that led to the initiation of the UN Decade of ESD (2005–2014). In this paper, we trace the history of these two outcomes, arguing that the opportunities, developed through the coordination of non‐governmental groups by government, took place within, rather than broadened or confronted, the government’s scope of interests. While the paper illustrates how the government’s continued support was crucial to the development of the ESD movement and the UN Decade, and the movement has met with considerable achievements thus far (via its collective challenges to conventional education in a sustainability context in Japan), we argue that recognition of the political opportunity structures that affect the movement’s further development remains crucial. In particular, we argue for close attention to the significance of a corporatist framing of this emerging civil society movement in Japan by the national government, and call for further political and historical analysis of ESD movements and their relations with government, around the world. 相似文献
9.
Four pigeons were given repeated reversal training and testing with photographs of human faces constituting two categories
structured by family resemblances, each consisting of a prototype, good exemplars, and poor exemplars. Each of the good exemplars
(AM, BM, and CM) was created by 50% morphing of the prototype (M) and one of the poor exemplars (A, B, and C, respectively)
and thus was physically similar to the prototype and to the corresponding poor exemplar. The pigeons were first trained and
tested for the formation of two (AM, BM, and CM) classes. Then, the stimulus sets were extended to include (1) M and the poor
exemplars that were not physically similar to one another and (2) 50% morphs of the poor exemplars (AB, BC, and CA). In the
sequentially introduced training and test phases, we successfully tracked expansion of the functional equivalence classes
consisting of exemplars that had little similarity but could be linked together through other members of the class. nt]This
research was supported by Grant 16530465 from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science to the first author. A portion
of this work was presented as an invited talk at the International Congress of Psychology, Beijing, August 2004. 相似文献
10.
Naoki Mantani Hiroshi Oka Takashi Watanabe Kyohei Miyakawa Yoko Kimura 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2021,36(3):375
HLA association with drug-induced liver injury has recently been pointed out about multiple medicines. The aim of this study was to evaluate relationship between HLA gene and liver injury related to Baikal skullcap-containing Kampo medicines (BSCK). We previously examined HLA genes in 3 cases of BSCK-induced liver injury. Recently we could encounter 2 cases diagnosed as “definitely-related case” of BSCK-induced liver injury. HLA genes of the 2 cases were analyzed by Sequencing Based Typing method with Next Generation Sequencer at HLA Laboratory in Kyoto. HLA-DPA1*02:02:02 and DPB1*05:01:01 were observed in the 2 cases: concordance was not observed in HLA-A, B, C, DRB1, DRB4, DQA1, or DQB1. The previous 3 cases of BSCK-induced liver injury had the same allele type to the 2 cases only in HLA-DPA1. Putting all these together, HLA-DPA1*02:02:02 was observed in common among 5 cases of BSCK-induced liver injury. HLA-DPA1*02:02:02 is possibly associated with BSCK-induced liver injury. 相似文献