Efficacy of massage on muscle soreness,perceived recovery,physiological restoration and physical performance in male bodybuilders     

Mehdi Kargarfard  Eddie T.C. Lam  Ardalan Shariat  Ina Shaw  Brandon S. Shaw  Shamsul B.M. Tamrin 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(10):959-965

It is believed that sport massage after intensive exercise might improve power and perceptual recovery in athletes. However, few studies have been done in this area. This study aimed to examine the effect of massage on the performance of bodybuilders. Thirty experienced male bodybuilders were randomly assigned to either a massage group (n = 15) or a control group (n = 15). Both groups performed five repetition sets at 75–77% of 1RM of knee extensor and flexor muscle groups. The massage group then received a 30-min massage after the exercise protocol while the control group maintained their normal passive recovery. Criteria under investigation included: plasma creatine kinase (CK) level, agility test, vertical jump test, isometric torque test, and perception of soreness. All variables were measured over 6 time periods: baseline, immediately after the DOMS inducing protocol, right after the massage, and 24, 48, and 72 h after the massage. Both groups showed significant (P < .001) decreases in jumping, agility performance, and isometric torque, but significant (P < .001) increases in CK and muscle soreness levels. The massage group in general demonstrated a better recovery rate. As such, a post-exercise massage session can improve the exercise performance and recovery rate in male bodybuilders after intensive exercise.  相似文献   

A comparison of student feedback obtained through paper-based and web-based surveys of faculty teaching     

Ali Ardalan  Roya Ardalan  Samuel Coppage  William Crouch 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2007,38(6):1085-1101

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Estimating scale,diversity, and professional training of environmental educators in the U.S.     

Rupanwita Gupta  John Fraser  Christina Shane-Simpson  Sharon Danoff-Burg  Nezam Ardalan 《Environmental Education Research》2019,25(1):75-91

After decades of growth in environmental education (EE) in the US, the number of practitioners in the field remains unknown. A national study was conducted to estimate the field’s size through an online consumer survey panel stratified by race, ethnicity, and geographic region representing the US adult population. In addition to demographic data, three categorical questions assessed self-perceptions as environmental educators, the paid/unpaid nature of their work, and educational background in EE. Near one-fifth of the sample identified as environmental educators. Sample estimates of the overlap of environmental educators in formal education, non-formal, and unpaid (volunteer) work and their population numbers were used to calculate a conservative estimate of approximately 3.9 million environmental educators in the US Racial minority groups comprised 47% of the total number of environmental educators, indicating they were over-represented among those who consider themselves environmental educators compared to the general population. These results counter traditional assumptions that EE itself is not diverse, suggesting that inclusive practices may require more attention to who is currently excluded in organizations with low representation of minority communities.  相似文献