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The purpose of the present study was to analyse the variability in clubhead presentation to the ball and the resulting ball impact location on the club face for a range of golfers of different ability. A total of 285 male and female participants hit multiple shots using one of four proprietary drivers. Self-reported handicap was used to quantify a participant's golfing ability. A bespoke motion capture system and user-written algorithms was used to track the clubhead just before and at impact, measuring clubhead speed, clubhead orientation, and impact location. A Doppler radar was used to measure golf ball speed. Generally, golfers of higher skill (lower handicap) generated increased clubhead speed and increased efficiency (ratio of ball speed to clubhead speed). Non-parametric statistical tests showed that low-handicap golfers exhibit significantly lower variability from shot to shot in clubhead speed, efficiency, impact location, attack angle, club path, and face angle compared with high-handicap golfers. 相似文献
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Betzler NF Monk SA Wallace ES Otto SR 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2012,11(2):223-238
The aim of this study was to quantify and explain the effect of shaft stiffness on the dynamics of golf drives. Twenty golfers performed swings with two clubs designed to differ only in shaft bending stiffness. Wrist kinematics and clubhead presentation to the ball were determined using optical motion capture systems in conjunction with a radar device for capturing ball speed, launch angle, and spin. Shaft stiffness had a marginally small effect on clubhead and ball speeds, which increased by 0.45% (p < 0.001) and 0.7% (p = 0.008), respectively, for the less stiff club. Two factors directly contributed to these increases: (i) a faster recovery of the lower flex shaft from lag to lead bending just before impact (p < 0.001); and (ii) an increase of 0.4% in angular velocity of the grip of the lower flex club at impact (p = 0.003). Unsurprisingly, decreases in shaft stiffness led to more shaft bending at the transition from backswing to downswing (p < 0.001). Contrary to previous research, lead bending at impact marginally increased for the stiffer shaft (p = 0.003). Overall, and taking effect sizes into account, the changes in shaft stiffness in isolation did not have a meaningful effect on the measured parameters, for the type of shaft investigated. 相似文献
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The static and dynamic stiffness behaviour of composite golf shafts and their constituent materials 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Nils F. Betzler Carl Slater Martin Strangwood Stuart A. Monk Steve R. Otto Eric S. Wallace 《Sports Engineering》2011,14(1):27-37
Golf shafts are normally characterised using static or quasi-static tests, yet the golf swing itself is dynamic. The purpose
of this research was to determine whether stiffness properties obtained from these tests can be used when modelling the dynamic
behaviour of golf shafts made from carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP). Three shafts, matched for all properties except
shaft flex, were subjected to human swing testing by 12 skillful players whilst strains were recorded. Peak principal strains
as well as strain rates increased as shaft flex decreased (p < 0.001). CFRP flat panels with lay-ups similar to those contained in the shafts were constructed and tested statically and
at strain rates between 10−4 and 4 s−1. Some level of strain-rate dependency was found for these panels, but only for strain rates exceeding those seen during a
swing, which suggests that static material tests are appropriate for measuring the dynamic stiffness of golf shafts. 相似文献
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