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Children are very familiar with water, ice, and steam as these things have been part of their lives since they first crawled into the kitchen. In this study children's conceptions about familiar phenomena associated with water, e.g., evaporating, condensing, boiling, and the melting of ice, were investigated using a clinical interview technique. The prevalence of specific views at particular age levels was also studied. The results of the investigation indicate that children do have ideas about the changes of state of water which are quite different from the views of scientists. It would also appear that these ideas can sometimes be influenced in unintended ways by science teaching. The implications of these findings for teaching are discussed. 相似文献
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Our interest in a potential place for sociodramatic play in the early learning of physical science was activated while interviewing
two six year old girls after the classroom phase of our research study had ended. During spontaneous play, these girls initiated
inquiry into questions that had remained unanswered for them at the end of the teaching about Light.
Specializations: children's learning in science and technology, inclusion, contexts, teaching models. 相似文献
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An international perspective on civic participation in Irish post-primary schools: results from ICCS
Ireland was one of the 38 countries/education systems that participated in the International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS) in 2009. This is the first international comparative study in this area in which Ireland has participated since 1971. The study measured the civic knowledge of 14-year-olds and their attitudes towards, and beliefs about, various civic and citizenship issues. The current paper focuses on indicators of students' and (to a lesser extent) parents' participation in school life. Although active participation in school is emphasised in, for example, the Education Act of 1998, little empirical work in Ireland has defined or examined actual levels of participation in post-primary schools, or students' views of their opportunities to participate, and ICCS provides information on these issues in an international comparative context. Findings indicate that despite a relatively strong civic knowledge base among students in Ireland, levels of participation compare less favourably with other countries. Results are discussed in the wider context of the Irish education system. 相似文献
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To keep intuitive knowledge fluid for an extended time, we wish to encourage young children to examine continuously those
intuitive explanations for natural phenomena which later become hard wired, highly resistant to development or change. To
assist this we designed a learning package which integrated three extensively researched educational strategies (cooperative
learning, informal inquiry and familiar context) for children to explore their notions about the topiclight. Children in a kindergarten class were encouraged to share their ideas about shadows and shadow formation with peers, as
they took part in explorations of shadow formation inside and outside their classroom. Whole class discussions, small group
conversations and final conversations between researcher and small groups provide insights into social and individual construction
of knowledge, young children's abilities to be scientific and the social construction of gender.
Specializations: children's learning in science and technology; inclusion; contexts, teaching models. 相似文献
6.
The modern history of biology shows how Darwin's selectionist theory has replaced instructionist theories in explaining the operations of living things: first, in the 1850s, with inheritance through the gene pool and second, in the 1960s, with the replacement of a template theory of immune system function. Now, scholars in several disciplines consider that the brain is a Darwin machine, too. Underpinning Darwinism is a generative heuristic, in which entities (or variants) are generated, and later subjected to tests. Entities which survive the testing are re-generated, and so on. This heuristic offers considerable value for technology-and-science education. This article, the first of a set of two, is devoted to an exposition of the science on which such a view of learning is based. In the second article, we pursue the implications for technology-and-science learning and teaching of holding such a view. 相似文献
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The protective services system in the United States may be committing a form of institutional abuse of minority families if the professionals who work in that system are not sufficiently well versed in the unique childrearing practices of each culture in the communities the system represents. It is easy for misunderstandings to occur from an ethnocentric perspective, and these misunderstandings are unlikely to be in the minority group's favor. Although there is wide agreement that this represents a problem, there is not enough information readily available to allow protective service professionals to adopt a cross-cultural perspective in conducting their work. To discover some of the possible misunderstandings by the dominant American culture of subculture childrearing practices, this study was conducted through in-person interviews with members of six minority groups, Mexican-, Japanese-, Vietnamese-, Filipino- and Samoan-Americans and Blackfeet Indians, in three communities in conjunction with an evaluation of child abuse prevention demonstration projects. The themes of delegating responsibility to children and issues of dominance and submission emerged as areas for awareness and sensitivity on the part of child protective services. 相似文献
8.
Lorraine Gilleece Jude Cosgrove Nick Sofroniou 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2010,8(3):475-496
Equity in education is a key concern internationally; however, it is rare that this issue is examined separately for low-
and high-achieving students and concurrently across different subject domains. This study examines student and school background
characteristics associated with low and high achievement in mathematics and science on the Programme for International Student
Assessment. Based on the results of a multilevel multinomial model of achievement for each domain, findings indicate that
a greater number of the variables examined are associated with low rather than high achievement. At student level, home language,
intention to leave school early, socioeconomic status, grade level, cultural capital, and books in the home are significantly
associated with achievement in mathematics and science. At school level, only school average socioeconomic status is statistically
significant in the models. Significant gender differences are found in the distribution of high and low achievers, which vary
across the domains. In mathematics, females are more likely to be low achievers while males are more likely to be high achievers.
In science, gender interacts with early school-leaving intent whereas males intending to leave school early are more likely
to be in the low-achieving group than females intending to leave early. Conclusions emphasise the need for targeting resources
aimed at promoting equity in outcomes at student level as well as at school level. Future work may extend the current analyses
by incorporating domain-specific variables or examining cross-country differences. 相似文献
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The relationship between selected physiological variables of rowers and rowing performance as determined by a 2000 m ergometer test 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between selected physiological variables of rowers and rowing performance as determined by a 2000 m time-trial on a Concept II Model B rowing ergometer. The participants were 13 male club standard oarsmen. Their mean (+/- s) age, body mass and height were 19.9+/-0.6 years, 73.1+/-6.6 kg and 180.5+/-4.6 cm respectively. The participants were tested on the rowing ergometer to determine their maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), rowing economy, predicted velocity at VO2max, velocity and VO2 at the lactate threshold, and their velocity and VO2 at a blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol x l(-1). Percent body fat was estimated using the skinfold method. The velocity for the 2000 m performance test and the predicted velocities at the lactate threshold, at a blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol x l(-1) and at VO2max were 4.7+/-0.2, 3.9+/-0.2, 4.2+/-0.2 and 4.6+/-0.2 m x s(-1) respectively. A repeated-measures analysis of variance showed that the three predicted velocities were all significantly different from each other (P<0.05). The VO2max and lean body mass showed the highest correlation with the velocity for the 2000 m time-trial (r = 0.85). A stepwise multiple regression showed that VO2max was the best single predictor of the velocity for the 2000 m time-trial; a model incorporating VO2max explained 72% of the variability in 2000 m rowing performance. Our results suggest that rowers should devote time to the improvement of VO2max and lean body mass. 相似文献