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Positive values for fairness in competition are supposed to undergird the behavior of athletes engaged in sport. Whether athletes' values actually develop over 4 years in a college that emphasizes character development is the focus of this study. Athletes' (N = 631) use of deontological ethics (Hahm, Beller & Stoll, 1989) in 21 sports value dilemmas were evaluated. At entrance, as well as near graduation, intercollegiate athletes' value scores were lower than intramural athletes' scores. Both groups' scores declined while they were in college. Individual-sport athletes had higher scores than team-sport athletes but manifested a greater decline over 4 years. The findings are consistent with other studies that show decreases in "sportsmanship orientation" and an increase in "professional" attitudes associated with participation in sport. 相似文献
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格拉汉姆·普利斯特 《中山大学学报论丛》2008,1(1)
本文假定有些对象(例如福尔摩斯)是不存在的.关于这些对象,人们是应该采取实在论的立场,还是反实在论的立场呢?根据实在论,一个包含非存在对象的可能世界的域与该可能世界上的存在对象具有什么性质、做出什么行为无关;根据非实在论,一个包含非存在对象的可能世界的域依赖于该可能世界上的存在对象具有什么性质、做出什么行为.这里的分歧在于,非存在对象出现在(一个世界的)量化/指称域中是否依赖于(在该世界中)存在对象具有哪些性质,特别地,比如是否依赖于能够讲述故事的情感生物的行为?在<走向非存在>(牛津大学出版社,2005)一书中,我给出了一种内涵语言的语义学,以实在论的方式来处理非存在对象.本文旨在提供一种非实在论的语义学,以非实在论的方式来处理非存在对象.实在论解释是定域的,与此不同,非实在论解释是变域的.在非实在论语义下,关于非存在对象的非实在论直觉可被尊重,这主要体现在对非存在对象和存在对象之间的"依存"关系的分析.关于非存在对象,本文和<走向非存在>分别以非实在论和实在论的方式来处理,这使进一步的比较和选择工作成为可能. 相似文献
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R E Lasky J E Tyson C R Rosenfeld D Priest D Krasinski S Heartwell N F Gant 《Child development》1983,54(5):1211-1216
3 groups of high-risk newborns and their controls were assessed at 92 weeks post-conceptional age using Bayley's Infant Behavioral Record (IBR). The 3 groups of high-risk infants were those who weighed 1,500 grams or less at birth and required no ventilator therapy, those weighing 1,500 grams or less at birth who required ventilator therapy, and newborns weighing more than 1,500 grams at birth who required ventilator therapy. Controls were healthy term infants matched for 7 socioeconomic and demographic variables. The first principal component of the IBR ratings for the 3 groups of high-risk infants and the controls were similar. All 3 groups of high-risk infants received less desirable IBR ratings on most items than their controls. In addition, there were some differences among high-risk groups; ventilated infants regardless of birth weight received the lowest ratings reflecting overall performance on the IBR, very low birthweight, ventilated newborns were more likely to receive ratings characterizing an overly active infant with a short attention span, and very low birth-weight, never-ventilated infants were most likely to be rated as happy but passive and delayed. The differences between the high-risk infants and controls in large part resulted from infants who were also delayed in terms of their mental and motor development. 相似文献
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Irwin G. Priest 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1920,189(3):391-392
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Pascal Wettstein Craig Priest Sameer A. Al-Bataineh Robert D. Short Paul M. Bryant James W. Bradley Suet P. Low Luke Parkinson Endre J. Szili 《Biomicrofluidics》2015,9(1)
Spatially varied surface treatment of a fluorescently labeled Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) protein, on the walls of a closed (sealed) microchannel is achieved via a well-defined gradient in plasma intensity. The microchips comprised a microchannel positioned in-between two microelectrodes (embedded in the chip) with a variable electrode separation along the length of the channel. The channel and electrodes were 50 μm and 100 μm wide, respectively, 50 μm deep, and adjacent to the channel for a length of 18 mm. The electrode separation distance was varied linearly from 50 μm at one end of the channel to a maximum distance of 150, 300, 500, or 1000 μm to generate a gradient in helium plasma intensity. Plasma ignition was achieved at a helium flow rate of 2.5 ml/min, 8.5 kVpk-pk, and 10 kHz. It is shown that the plasma intensity decreases with increasing electrode separation and is directly related to the residual amount of BSA left after the treatment. The plasma intensity and surface protein gradient, for the different electrode gradients studied, collapse onto master curves when plotted against electrode separation. This precise spatial control is expected to enable the surface protein gradient to be tuned for a range of applications, including high-throughput screening and cell-biomolecule-biomaterial interactions. 相似文献
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Excerpts from the 1980 AISB workshop on Intelligent Teaching Systems at Leeds University, the 1981 AISB conference on Production Systems at Sheffield University, and the 1981 conference on Computer Assisted Learning at Leeds University. 相似文献
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Hannah M. Priest 《American journal of sexuality education》2014,9(3):370-380
This lesson plan is designed to stimulate awareness and reflection on personal attitudes toward gender expression and sexual orientation. Participants are guided to identify and analyze how external influences from various socialization agents shape gender and sexual orientation norms and, consequently, personal attitudes about gender expression and sexual orientation. This lesson introduces a box as a metaphor for a human being, with the intention of enlightening participants that humans are dynamic beings with unique characteristics that do not necessarily fit in neat boxes. This lesson plan describes how to achieve these goals in college classrooms and with other adult learners. 相似文献
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Music in the exercise domain: a review and synthesis (Part I) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Since a 1997 review by Karageorghis and Terry, which highlighted the state of knowledge and methodological weaknesses, the number of studies investigating musical reactivity in relation to exercise has swelled considerably. In this two-part review paper, the development of conceptual approaches and mechanisms underlying the effects of music are explicated (Part I), followed by a critical review and synthesis of empirical work (spread over Parts I and II). Pre-task music has been shown to optimise arousal, facilitate task-relevant imagery and improve performance in simple motoric tasks. During repetitive, endurance-type activities, self-selected, motivational and stimulative music has been shown to enhance affect, reduce ratings of perceived exertion, improve energy efficiency and lead to increased work output. There is evidence to suggest that carefully selected music can promote ergogenic and psychological benefits during high-intensity exercise, although it appears to be ineffective in reducing perceptions of exertion beyond the anaerobic threshold. The effects of music appear to be at their most potent when it is used to accompany self-paced exercise or in externally valid conditions. When selected according to its motivational qualities, the positive impact of music on both psychological state and performance is magnified. Guidelines are provided for future research and exercise practitioners. 相似文献