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1.
This article deals with kinematic and kinetic conditions in volleyball attack and identifies loads in the shoulder joint. Joint angles and velocities of individual segments of upper limb were measured with the use of the motion capture system XSENS. Muscle forces and loads in skeletal system were calculated by means of mathematical model elaborated in AnyBody system. Spikes performed by players in the best and worst way were compared with each other. The relationships were found between reactions in shoulder joint and flexion/extension, abduction/adduction and rotation angles in the same joint and flexion/extension in the elbow joint. Reactions in shoulder joint varied from 591 N to 2001 N (in relation to body weight [BW] 83–328%).
The analysis proved that hand velocity at the moment of the ball hit (which varied between 6.8 and 13.3 m s–1) influences on the value of reaction in joints, but positions of individual segments relative to each other are also crucial. It was also proved in objective way, that position of the upper limb during spike can be more or less harmful assuming that bigger reaction increases possibility of injury, what can be an indication for trainers and physiotherapists how to improve injury prevention. 相似文献
2.
Krzysztof Kubacki 《Cultural Trends》2008,17(2):115-127
Although many commentators emphasize the fact that when the arguments about quality of life in a particular place are brought about, “the value of music is found … in making the city a place in which people wish to live” (Blake & Jeffery, 2000). However, there are still only a handful of studies investigating different aspects of the cultural industries in Poland. The research reported in this article aims to investigate Polish musicians' perceptions of their current situation in the music industry, and their opinions on the changing nature of the production and consumption of music in Poland. A series of interviews were done with a cross-section of different generations of musicians. Their analysis shows a number of key themes emerging, which are discussed in the article. They broadly cover four major issues: the current situation of musicians, the music business, education and society. Recommendations for policy makers are indicated. 相似文献
3.
Krzysztof Pawłowski 《Higher Education in Europe》2001,26(3):427-436
In 1991, a local notable from the Ma ^ oposkie voivodship of Poland created a private business school in the town of Nowy Sacz. In a period of ten years, this institution became one of the most successful private higher education institutions in Poland. Basing himself on Jerzy Dietl's seven criteria for institutional survival, the author describes the steps that he took to build up this institution and to guarantee its survival within its regional and then its national and international environments. According to the author, the steps to the survival and success of the Higher School of Business-National Louis University could serve as a blueprint for the regeneration of higher education in Poland. 相似文献
4.
Krzysztof Szalewicz 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2010,347(4):698-707
At very low temperatures, helium becomes superfluid, with properties significantly different from those of familiar substances. Although superfluid helium has been the subject of extensive investigations, until recently no practical applications have been found that would utilize its unusual properties. The main reason was that macroscopic samples of superfluid helium expel all other atoms or molecules. Only in the 1990s, Scoles and collaborators demonstrated that one can embed “impurities”, atoms and molecules, in low-temperature helium if it is in the form of small droplets. Such droplets contain only a few thousands atoms and therefore are called “nanodroplets”. Furthermore, Scoles and coworkers were able to measure spectra of the impurities. Subsequently, Toennies and collaborators have found that the spectral lines are very sharp, almost as sharp as in the gas phase, and demonstrated that this sharpness has to be due to the superfluidity of helium in the nanodroplets. The newly created technique of helium-nanodroplet spectroscopy allowed investigations of molecules or clusters that are unstable in gas phase and has significantly increased our understanding of superfluid helium at microscopic level. 相似文献
5.
Möller Bernhard Torrance E. Paul Hahn Walter Kruszewski Krzysztof MacIntosh P. de Landsheere Gilbert Vexliard Alexandre Tyler Louise Bemmerlein Anton 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1969,15(4):499-511
International Review of Education - 相似文献
6.
One of the management methods used by the Polish Football Association (PZPN) is management through exclusion. Due to such management, the Association constitutes to a considerable degree the status of individuals and institutions with which it enters into relations. As the essential criteria of these relations, the PZPN adopts utilitarian values, legal and business, diminishing the meaning of sport and moral values. From this perspective, the PZPN efficiently conducts the policy of exclusion it has created, dividing and rejecting those people and institutions who are incapable of contributing to the financial success of the Association. It also imposes various prohibitions on everybody who criticizes the workings of the organization or who accuses it of diminishing or even disregarding the interest of Polish football. For this purpose, the PZPN employs its policy of managing knowledge, which to a significant degree can be considered the propaganda of success. 相似文献
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8.
Barbara RUSZKOWSKA-CIASTEK Alina SOKUP Tomasz WERNIK Zofia RUPRECHT Barbara GóRALCZYK Krzysztof GóRALCZYK Grazyna GADOMSKA Danuta RO 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2015,16(5):355-361
目的:评估可溶性血管细胞间黏附分子(s VCAM-1)、可溶性细胞间黏附分子(s ICAM-1)、可溶性选择素E和可溶性血栓调节蛋白在血糖控制良好和不受控制的2型糖尿病患者中的水平。创新点:对2型糖尿病患者的血管内皮炎症标记物进行评估。方法:62例糖尿病患者分成两组:第一组包括35个血糖控制良好的糖尿病患者,第二组包括27个未控制血糖并伴有微蛋白尿的糖尿病患者。对照组由25名健康志愿者组成。测定血浆中s VCAM-1、s ICAM-1、可溶性选择素E和可溶性血栓调节蛋白的浓度,同时测定血清肌酐及血浆中空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)的浓度。结论:与血糖控制良好的糖尿病组相比,未控制血糖组具有相对低的ICAM-1水平和更高的VCAM-1水平。未控制血糖组中患者的糖化血红蛋白和ICAM-1之间呈正相关,肾小球滤过率和可溶性选择素E之间呈正相关,而肌酐和ICAM-1之间呈负相关。研究证实2型糖尿病的发病机理中炎症过程的出现与血管内皮功能受损有关。未受控制的高血糖对粘附分子的反向作用表明,在糖尿病的并发症中VCAM-1和ICAM-1具有不同功能。 相似文献
9.
Dorota Kostrzewa-Nowak Robert Nowak Zbigniew Jastrz?bski Aleksandra Zar?bska Marta Bichowska Izabela Drobnik-Kozakiewicz ?ukasz Radzimiński Agata Leońska-Duniec Krzysztof Ficek Pawe? Ci?szczyk 《Biochemia medica : ?asopis Hrvatskoga dru?tva medicinskih biokemi?ara / HDMB》2015,25(1):103-113
Background
Numerous data suggest that aerobic-type exercise improves lipoprotein-lipid profiles, cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition in young women. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological response to high-low impact aerobic fitness among young women.Materials and methods
Thirty-four young women aged 22 (19-24) years were divided into three groups: underweight (N = 10), normal weight (N = 12) and overweight (N = 12). Aerobic capacity, anthropometry and body composition together with complete blood count and lipid profile were determined before and after completion of a 12-week-long training period.Results
The training programme caused a significant decrease in weight (by 4.3 kg, P = 0.003), body mass index (by 1.3 kg/m2, P = 0.003), free fat mass (by 2.1 kg, P = 0.002), total body water (by 0.4 kg, P = 0.036), percentage of fat (by 3 percent points, P = 0.002), all analyzed skinfolds thicknesses, as well as the lipid profile in overweight group, and no changes in normal weight group. Significant changes in weight (by 4.2 kg, P = 0.005), body mass index (by 0.9 kg/m2, P = 0.005), crus skinfold thickness (by 3.3 mm, P = 0.028), and in maximum oxygen uptake (by 2.49 mL/kg/min; P = 0.047) were observed among underweight women. No change in total blood count was observed in all groups.Conclusion
Twelve-week-long fitness training programme of two alternating styles (low and high impact) has a beneficial effect on overweight young women.Key words: body composition, physical fitness, overweight, women 相似文献10.
This paper presents the characteristics of nickel-based alloys, alongside their division into groups, and describes the features that make such materials difficult to grind. The possibilities of exerting a positive influence upon machining conditions, especially through the proper application of grinding fluids, are briefly presented. Both the precise methodologies for, and the results of, the experimental tests carried out on flat surfaces are also detailed. The aim of these tests was to determine the influence of the application of two types of grinding liquid (Ecocut Mikro Plus 82 and Biocut 3000) upon the grinding force values and surface roughness of the machined workpieces made from three nickel alloys (Nickel 201, INCONEL® alloy 600, and MONEL® alloy 400). An additional goal of the tests was to determine the influence of grinding wheel structure on the course and results of the machining process. The results indicate that the physical and chemical properties of Biocut 3000 enabled the most advantageous properties of the machined surface roughness, alongside a simultaneous increase in grinding power, when compared to the results when applying Ecocut Mikro Plus 82. The results showed an almost inversely proportional dependence upon the specific tangential grinding force F t′ and arithmetic mean deviation of the surface profile R a values, especially in cases of machining Nickel 201 and INCONEL® alloy 600. The original traverse grinding methodology used in the tests made it possible to assess the changes of the grinding conditions within the conventionally selected zones. 相似文献