Connecting inside out: Development of the social brain in infants and toddlers with a focus on myelination as a marker of brain maturation     

Nora Schneider  Elizabeth Greenstreet  Sean C. L. Deoni 《Child development》2022,93(2):359-371

Early childhood is a sensitive period for learning and social skill development. The maturation of cerebral regions underlying social processing lays the foundation for later social-emotional competence. This study explored myelin changes in social brain regions and their association with changes in parent-rated social-emotional development in a cohort of 129 children (64 females, 0–36 months, 77 White). Results reveal a steep increase in myelination throughout the social brain in the first 3 years of life that is significantly associated with social-emotional development scores. These findings add knowledge to the emerging picture of social brain development by describing neural underpinnings of human social behavior. They can contribute to identifying age-/stage-appropriate early life factors in this developmental domain.  相似文献   

Does modality matter? A latent profile and transition analysis of sedentary behaviours among school-aged youth: The UP&DOWN study     

David Sánchez-Oliva  Rebecca M. Leech  Alberto Grao-Cruces  Irene Esteban-Cornejo  Carmen Padilla-Moledo  Oscar L. Veiga 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(9):1062-1069

ABSTRACT

The aims of this study were to identify profiles of sedentary behaviour (SB) patterns, based on leisure-time self-reported SB modalities (screen, educative, social, and relaxing) and to evaluate changes in these profiles over 2 years among Spanish youth aged 8–18 years. Latent profile analysis (LPA), a data-driven analytic approach, was used to identify groups of boys and girls (n = 1553; 48% girls; mean±SD age: 12.56 ± 2.49 y) with distinct SB profiles using the SB modalities (time/d) as input variables. Latent transition analysis, an extension of LPA that uses longitudinal data, was used to analyse 2-year changes in these profiles. At baseline, four and three SB profiles were found among boys (labelled: screen, educative, social, and relaxing) and girls (labelled: screen/social, educative, and relaxing), respectively. Overall, more girls (range: 48%-67%) had the same profile over time, than boys (40%-52%). Participants with a screen or relaxing SB profile at baseline were more likely to have an educative profile after 2 years. Youth with a social and an educative SB profile at baseline were more likely to transition to profiles characterized by higher screen and social SB, respectively. Using a novel and person-centered approach, this study identified gender-specific SB profiles that were moderately stable over time.  相似文献   

‘Just stick to the science’ is not enough     

Peterson  Erik L. 《Metascience》2019,28(1):147-150

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Digital Module 16: Longitudinal Data Analysis     

Jeffrey R. Harring  Tessa L. Johnson 《Educational Measurement》2020,39(3):137-138

In this digital ITEMS module, Dr. Jeffrey Harring and Ms. Tessa Johnson introduce the linear mixed effects (LME) model as a flexible general framework for simultaneously modeling continuous repeated measures data with a scientifically defensible function that adequately summarizes both individual change as well as the average response. The module begins with a nontechnical overview of longitudinal data analyses drawing distinctions with cross-sectional analyses in terms of research questions to be addressed. Nuances of longitudinal designs, timing of measurements, and the real possibility of missing data are then discussed. The three interconnected components of the LME model—(1) a model for individual and mean response profiles, (2) a model to characterize the covariation among the time-specific residuals, and (3) a set of models that summarize the extent that individual coefficients vary—are discussed in the context of the set of activities comprising an analysis. Finally, they demonstrate how to estimate the linear mixed effects model within an open-source environment (R). The digital module contains sample R code, diagnostic quiz questions, hands-on activities in R, curated resources, and a glossary.  相似文献   

Digital Module 05: Diagnostic Measurement—The G‐DINA Framework https://ncme.elevate.commpartners.com     

Wenchao Ma  Jimmy de la Torre 《Educational Measurement》2019,38(2):114-115

In this ITEMS module, we introduce the generalized deterministic inputs, noisy “and” gate (G‐DINA) model, which is a general framework for specifying, estimating, and evaluating a wide variety of cognitive diagnosis models. The module contains a nontechnical introduction to diagnostic measurement, an introductory overview of the G‐DINA model, as well as common special cases, and a review of model‐data fit evaluation practices within this framework. We use the flexible GDINA R package, which is available for free within the R environment and provides a user‐friendly graphical interface in addition to the code‐driven layer. The digital module also contains videos of worked examples, solutions to data activity questions, curated resources, a glossary, and quizzes with diagnostic feedback.  相似文献   

论军队院校图书馆数字化特色馆藏建设     

马祥林 《中国图书馆学报》2003,29(6)

建设军队院校图书馆数字化馆藏要处理好在线获得与非在线获得、特色数据库与特色数字馆藏、信息组织中《中图法》与军事学科体系、军事信息与其他信息的关系。实行联采、统编、分藏是解决军队院校图书馆数字化特色馆藏问题的有效方法。参考文献4。  相似文献   

论超文本技术在分类法编制中的应用   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

马张华  李玲 《大学图书馆学报》2001,19(1):60-62,66

超文本是检索语言编制和维护理想的技术支持手段。使用超文本技术 ,可以改进分类体系中主题之间多维关系的揭示、从多个角度组织信息资源、进行轮排、设置镜像类目、动态组织分类体系以及联结不同的检索系统、联结说明与规则系统等。同时 ,应注意从超文本结构的角度重新审视原有的关于知识组织的理论、方法 ;探讨新技术方法的使用特点和规律 ;研究分类结构中整体控制问题  相似文献   

Barriers to teaching profession for hearing-impaired adults     

R D Moulton  L Roth  J Tao 《American annals of the deaf》1987,132(6):372-375

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多媒体在武术难度动作创新中的实用性研究     

马云慧  张天祥 《搏击·武术科学》2005,2(9):38-39

运用多媒体技术辅助教练员和运动员创编竞技武术套路高质量难新动作,辅助运动员加快完成目标动作的定型过程,对创新难度动作在训练中出现的问题进行及时的目标反馈、重构和完善,提高了创编的效率,减少了运动员在创新难度动作的探索阶段中不必要的损伤。  相似文献   

论李清照的诗人形象     

汪燕霞  马月霞 《河北广播电视大学学报》2005,10(6):41-44

李清照是我国宋代著名女词人，以婉约派词家著称于世。她不仅精于填词，而且工诗善文。在她为数不多的诗作中，风格豪放，雄浑悲壮，折射出爱国主义精神的熠熠光彩，并由此展现出李清照的诗人形象：少年成名，才气纵横，锋芒毕露而不知稍加掩敛；身为女子，而有丈夫气，指点江山，激扬文字；成就斐然，却又有自知，勇于自我解剖，敢于素面朝天。  相似文献