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The mastery approach to coaching is a cognitive-behavioral intervention designed to promote a mastery-involving motivational climate, shown in previous research to be related to lower anxiety in athletes. We tested the effects of this intervention on motivational climate and on changes in male and female athletes'cognitive and somatic performance anxiety over the course of a basketball season. Hierarchical linear modeling analyses revealed that the athletes in the intervention condition perceived their coaches as being more mastery-involving on the Motivational Climate Scale for Youth Sports when compared to athletes in an untreated control condition. Relative to athletes who played for untrained coaches, those who played for the trained coaches exhibited decreases on all subscales of the Sport Anxiety Scale-2 and on total anxiety score from preseason to late season. Control group athletes reported increases in anxiety over the season. The intervention had equally positive effects on boys and girls teams. 相似文献
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Frank L. Smoll Robert W. Schutz Robert W. Schutz 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):797-803
Abstract The subjects were 127 boys and 137 girls in grades 4, 5, and 6. Data were collected representing their attitudes toward physical activity, degree of primary involvement in various forms of physical activity, and level of performance in running, jumping, and throwing. Canonical correlation analysis was utilized to examine the nature and degree of the relationships among the children's attitudes, involvement, and proficiency in physical activities. The results suggested a strong relationship between the attitude domain and a combination of the involvement and performance domains; however, there was no common structure to account for the significant canonical relationship between these domains. Further analyses indicated that the basis of this association was the strength of the relationship between the attitude and involvement domains, and that the attitude and performance domains were virtually unrelated. Consideration is given to theoretical and practical implications of these findings. 相似文献
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Ronald E. Smith Frank L. Smoll Earl Hunt 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):401-407
Abstract A behavioral assessment system for coding and analyzing the behaviors of athletic coaches in naturalistic settings is described. The Coaching Behavior Assessment System (CBAS) consists of 12 behavioral categories derived from content analyses of coaching behaviors during practices and games. The manner in which coders are trained and the CBAS used in field settings is described, and the results of several reliability studies are reported. These studies indicate that high scorer accuracy and interrater reliability can be attained. The potential use of the CBAS to extend the study of interpersonal behavior into the realm of sport psychology is also discussed. 相似文献
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利用手枪准镜瞄准，瞬间换狙，在不开任何准镜下开枪。这是在冲锋中常用的枪法。练习时可以在遇到对方时先用手枪连打两枪，这样可以在思维中确立一个对方的大体位置感，然后盲狙射击。初练者很难掌握得好，所以千万不可以操之过急。 相似文献
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Robert W. Schutz Frank L. Smoll F. Alex Carre Richard E. Mosher 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):256-265
Abstract This paper summarizes the development of an inventory for the assessment of children's attitudes toward physical activity (CATPA), including an overview of its psychometric properties. Through a series of studies, an original and frequently used attitude inventory was restructured, resulting in a revised inventory which is both shorter and psychometrically superior to the original. This instrument, which assesses attitudinal dispositions toward each of seven physical activity subdomains, is shown to possess high internal consistency and strong factor validity. In addition, a new CATPA inventory suitable for grade 3 children is introduced. The two inventories are presented, along with instructions for their administration and scoring. Norms, based on samples of approximately 500 children of each grade and sex, are provided for boys and girls in grades 3, 7, and 11. Throughout the paper consideration is given to research applications, as well as cautions relative to the use and interpretation of the two CATPA inventories. 相似文献
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