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1.
Ayako Higashihara Yasuharu Nagano Takashi Ono Toru Fukubayashi 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(1):36-41
The purpose of this study was to investigate the time series relationships between the peak musculotendon length and electromyography (EMG) activation during overground sprinting to clarify the risk of muscle strain injury incidence in each hamstring muscle. Full-body kinematics and EMG of the right biceps femoris long head (BFlh) and semitendinosus (ST) muscles were recorded in 13 male sprinters during overground sprinting at maximum effort. The hamstring musculotendon lengths during sprinting were computed using a three-dimensional musculoskeletal model. The time of the peak musculotendon length, in terms of the percentage of the running gait cycle, was measured and compared with that of the peak EMG activity. The maximum length of the hamstring muscles was noted during the late swing phase of sprinting. The peak musculotendon length was synchronous with the peak EMG activation in the BFlh muscle, while the time of peak musculotendon length in the ST muscle occurred significantly later than the peak level of EMG activation (p < 0.05). These results suggest that the BFlh muscle is exposed to an instantaneous high tensile force during the late swing phase of sprinting, indicating a higher risk for muscle strain injury. 相似文献
2.
Since Makita's report (1968), it has been believed that reading disabilities in Japan are extremely rare. However, this argument does not correspond with teachers’observations in elementary schools in Japan. This study tried to re-examine the incidence and characteristics of reading disabilities in Japan. Standardized reading ability and intelligence tests were conducted for 5th grade elementary school children of various districts. It was found that 18.7% of children have one year delay, and 10.9% of children have two or more years delay. This shows that Makita's claim of rarity of incidence of reading disabilities in Japan is incorrect. 相似文献
3.
Ebine N Rafamantanantsoa HH Nayuki Y Yamanaka K Tashima K Ono T Saitoh S Jones PJ 《Journal of sports sciences》2002,20(5):391-397
To determine the daily energy requirements of professional soccer players during a competitive season, we measured total energy expenditure in seven players (age 22.1+/-1.9 years, height 1.75+/-0.05 m, mass 69.8+/-4.7 kg; mean +/- s) using the doubly labelled water method. Energy intake was simultaneously estimated from 7 day self-report dietary records. Mean total energy expenditure and energy intake were 14.8+/-1.7 MJ x day(-1) (3532+/-408 kcal x day(-1)) and 13.0+/-2.4 MJ x day(-1) (3113+/-581 kcal x day(-1)), respectively. Although there was a significant difference between total energy expenditure and energy intake (P < 0.01), there was a strong relationship between the two (r= 0.893, P< 0.01). Basal metabolic rate and recommended energy allowance calculated from the Recommended Dietary Allowances for the Japanese were 7.0+/-0.3 MJ x day(-1) (1683+/-81 kcal x day(-1)) and 15.6+/-0.8 MJ x day(-1) (3739+/-180 kcal x day(-1)), respectively. A physical activity level (total energy expenditure/ basal metabolic rate) of 2.11+/-0.30 indicated that, during the competitive season, professional soccer players undertake much routine physical activity, similar to that of competitive athletes during moderate training. Energy intake estimated using dietary records was under-reported, suggesting that its calculation from these data does not predict energy expenditure in soccer players. 相似文献
4.
荒木猛 《徐州师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2008,34(3):13-17
明朝刊行的<金瓶梅>共有两个版本:其一是万历丁巳(万历四十五年)由弄珠客作序的<金瓶梅词话>,谓之"词话本";另一版本是附有插图的<新刻绣像批评金瓶梅>,谓之"崇祯本".本文在"崇祯本"为"词话本"之改订本的前提下进行讨论.为此,特将把"词话本"修改为"崇祯本"的作者,称为"补笔者".以往对这两种版本的比较仅指出:"词话本"的第1、53、54回在"崇祯本"中被大幅度修改;"词话本"中与情节无直接关系的章节在"崇祯本"中基本被删除.然而,经过这次再比勘又发现:"崇祯本"中有对"词话本"进行加笔的部分──虽然为数不多;更重要的是:通过对加笔部分的分析,表明<金瓶梅>由"词话本"向"崇祯本"衍进的方向性,并且可以用"合理化"一词来概括. 相似文献
5.
High blood pressure (hypertension) is implicated in the development of atherosclerosis. Blood vessels are constantly subjected to stretch due to blood pressure and changes in stretch usually instigate adaptive vascular remodeling, including abnormal growth and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) as well as 相似文献
6.
<白氏文集>流传朝鲜半岛与日本,白诗已成为当时跨越海域的一种文学标准.同时代的高丽王朝的李奎报与日本的藤原定家都是白诗的爱好者、研究者、传播者,因地域关系、接触版本不同,即高丽王朝是中国宋朝新开版的宋刊本,日本则是八九世纪传来的手抄的唐抄本;因而便产生了不同的受容姿态与结局,值得探究. 相似文献
7.
In this paper, we analyze and compare two didactical designs for introducing primary school pupils to proportional reasoning
in the context of plane polygons. One of them is well-documented in the literature; the other one is based on our own data
and is accordingly presented and discussed in more detail in this paper. The two designs come from different cultural and
intellectual environments: lesson study in Japan (implicitly based on the “open approach method”) and “didactical engineering”
in France (based on the theory of didactical situations). The general aim of our paper is to compare these two environments
and their approaches to didactical design, basing our discussion on the concrete designs mentioned above. Clear differences
among them are presented, while we also identify links which hold potential for integrating research and practice. 相似文献
8.
Outcomes assessment and its role in self-reviews of undergraduate education: in the context of Japanese higher education reforms since the 1990s 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Takeshi Kushimoto 《Higher Education》2010,59(5):589-598
Under the recent state of higher education, “Outcomes Assessment” has become a familiar term in Japan as in other nations
all over the world. However, actual conditions of outcomes assessment and its contribution toward educational improvement
are not always obvious. Thus, this article attempts to clarify: (1) Japanese higher education reforms since the 1990s focusing
on assessment and evaluation; (2) the influence of reforms on outcomes assessment implemented by higher education institutions;
(3) how much the results of outcomes assessment are used in self-reviews of undergraduate education; and (4) whether application
of outcomes assessment contribute to educational improvement. The results of national survey conducted in Japan reveal that
assessments are clearly being carried out, but may not have been supporting the improvement of education. 相似文献
9.
Ayako Higashihara Yasuharu Nagano Takashi Ono Toru Fukubayashi 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(12):1313-1318
This study aimed to investigate activation characteristics of the biceps femoris long head (BFlh) and semitendinosus (ST) muscles during the acceleration and maximum-speed phases of sprinting. Lower-extremity kinematics and electromyographic (EMG) activities of the BFlh and ST muscles were examined during the acceleration sprint and maximum-speed sprint in 13 male sprinters during an overground sprinting. Differences in hamstring activation during each divided phases and in the hip and knee joint angles and torques at each time point of the sprinting gait cycle were determined between two sprints. During the early stance of the acceleration sprint, the hip extension torque was significantly greater than during the maximum-speed sprint, and the relative EMG activation of the BFlh muscle was significantly higher than that of the ST muscle. During the late stance and terminal mid-swing of maximum-speed sprint, the knee was more extended and a higher knee flexion moment was observed compared to the acceleration sprint, and the ST muscle showed higher activation than that of the BFlh. These results indicate that the functional demands of the medial and lateral hamstring muscles differ between two different sprint performances. 相似文献
10.
In Japan, the mobile phone has become an increasingly popular medium of accessing the Internet and e-mail, especially among those who may not have affordable access to a computer. The lower startup costs and the easier overall accessibility of mobile phones relative to personal computers suggest that the mobile phone may be a possible alternative for overcoming unequal access to information communication technology in Japan and elsewhere. Using microdata from 2001, we compare and contrast the determinants of mobile versus computer-based Internet in Japan. Our findings show that mobile Internet access, as compared to computer access, is determined less by demographics, socioeconomic status, and technological readiness, suggesting that barriers to Internet access are lower for mobile phones than is the case for computers. 相似文献