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The analysis and forecasting of male cycling time trial records established within England and Wales
The format of cycling time trials in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, involves riders competing individually over several fixed race distances of 10–100 miles in length and using time constrained formats of 12 and 24 h in duration. Drawing on data provided by the national governing body that covers the regions of England and Wales, an analysis of six male competition record progressions was undertaken to illustrate its progression. Future forecasts are then projected through use of the Singular Spectrum Analysis technique. This method has not been applied to sport-based time series data before. All six records have seen a progressive improvement and are non-linear in nature. Five records saw their highest level of record change during the 1950–1969 period. Whilst new record frequency generally has reduced since this period, the magnitude of performance improvement has generally increased. The Singular Spectrum Analysis technique successfully provided forecasted projections in the short to medium term with a high level of fit to the time series data. 相似文献
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This article describes an untapped resource that counselors can use to help serve the multiple needs of college students recovering from addiction: collegiate recovery programs. The authors provide detailed information about the collegiate recovery population and give examples of successful programs. Implications for future research are discussed, and suggestions are provided for facilitating student recovery and advocating for collegiate recovery programs. 相似文献
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Jody S. Underwood Christopher Hoadley Hollylynne Stohl Lee Karen Hollebrands Chris DiGiano K. Ann Renninger 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2005,53(2):99-112
The Internet is increasingly being used as a medium for educational software in the form of miniature applications (e.g.,
applets) to explore concepts in a domain. One such effort in mathematics education, the Educational Software Components of
Tomorrow (ESCOT) project, created 42 miniature applications each consisting of a context, a set of questions, and one or more
interactive applets to help students explore a mathematical concept. They were designed by experts in interface design, educational
technology, and classroom teaching. However, some applications were more successful for fostering student problem-solving
than others. This article describes the method used to mine a subset (25) of these applets for design principles that describe
successful learner-centered design by drawing on such data as videos of students using the software and summaries of written
student work. Twenty-one design principles were identified, falling into the categories of motivation, presentation, and support
for problem solving. The main purpose of this article is to operationalize a method for post hoc extraction of design principles
from an existing library of educational software, although readers may also find the design principles themselves to be useful.
This project was funded by a seed grant from the Center for Innovative Learning Technologies funded by the National Science
Foundation (REC # 9720384), and was partially supported by Educational Testing Service. Any opinions expressed in this publication
are those of the authors and not necesarily of Educational Testing Service. 相似文献
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Researchers and practitioners alike express concerns about the conceptual difficulties associated with the concepts of momentum and kinetic energy currently taught in school physics. This article presents an in‐depth analysis of the treatment given to them in 44 published textbooks written for UK secondary school certificate courses. This is set against some of the more contentious issues apparent in the literature concerned with the underlying physics and pedagogical arguments about how best to help students understand. The research evolved a set of criteria which were used to scrutinize how texts explain ideas and exemplify their applications. Despite the evident merits of many textbooks, the findings suggest that incomplete explanations are surprisingly prevalent, with several fundamental issues likely to be unclear to student readers, particularly those relating to when and where conservation might apply. Confusion exists between these difficult and somewhat overlapping ideas, arguably through the neglect of constructivist considerations. The commonly emphasized mechanistic, number‐crunching approach to the analysis of simple collision problems is judged to be un‐profitable, underlining the more general point that prevailing, accepted content and pedagogy may be the source of many misunderstandings. Implications are discussed and suggestions made for alternative treatments of these deceptively complex topics. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 46: 739–761, 2009 相似文献
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AbstractMassive open online courses (MOOCs) offer opportunities for professional development of environmental educators globally, yet we lack understanding of participants? cognitive and social learning processes and of how instructors can enhance these processes. Based on the Community of Inquiry framework, we used a survey and coded participant discussion board and Facebook posts to examine the cognitive, social, and teaching presence in the Environmental Education: Transdisciplinary Approaches to Addressing Wicked Problems MOOC, offered by Cornell University. Rather than train educators in a specific curriculum, the goal of the MOOC is to expand educators? critical and transdisciplinary thinking about the field of environmental education and to enhance social interactions to support learning, educators, and knowledge co-creation. Results indicate that cognitive presence is higher on the discussion board whereas social presence is higher on Facebook. Over half of cognitive posts focused on exploration, a lower level of learning, whereas just less than a fifth reflected higher level integration, suggesting room for enhancing cognitive learning. Our results suggest strategies to encourage higher levels of thinking and more meaningful social interactions to foster learning, educator support, and co-creation of knowledge, thereby improving online professional development. 相似文献