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Kazimierz Musiał 《Tertiary Education and Management》2013,19(1):45-60
Present higher education reforms in the Nordic countries diminish the role and influence of the state on the governance of higher education institutions. While still providing a framework for the management of higher education, in general, the state supervises rather than controls higher education institutions (HEIs). The rhetoric of change stipulates HEIs to respond to environmental needs, and the external stakeholders often assume greater prominence relative to the internal ones. This development is explained by a paradigmatic shift in the concept of good governance. Furthermore, the Stakeholder Society perspective is used to investigate the changing position and meaning of stakeholders in Nordic higher education. 相似文献
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Kazimierz ZieliŃski Tomasz Werka W. Jeffrey Wilson Eugeniusz Nikolaev 《Learning & behavior》1995,23(4):438-446
Effects of extended training (nine sessions, 50 trials each) on two-way avoidance response latencies were studied. For each rat, auditory and visual warning signals (CS) were presented on separate trials, either according to a Gellermann series or in 25-trial blocks. Intermittent presentation of the two kinds of trials yielded shorter latencies and higher levels of avoidance performance in response to the noise CS than in response to the darkness CS. Presentation of trials in blocks revealed stronger response-eliciting properties of stimuli presented during the second half of the session than of those presented during the first half. A significant decrease of avoidance performance in the early portions of the delay period, an index of inhibition of delay, was obtained on auditory trials presented in the second half of the sessions. Results indicate that strong fear of the warning signal is required for inhibition of delay of avoidance responses. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTThis paper presents the results of investigations on reinforced concrete structures present in the former Auschwitz I and Auschwitz II-Birkenau concentration and extermination camp. Field inspection employing the non-destructive method of reinforcement potential measurement according to the ASTM-C 876–15 standard, followed by laboratory investigations performed on genuine historic reinforced concrete samples collected from the former Auschwitz camp, allowed assessment of the actual condition of this 70-year-old construction material. Electrochemical potential measurements allowed mapping of the regions characterized by enhanced reinforcement corrosion risk and the regions of its immunity. The composition of concrete, water absorbency, content of detrimental salts, and degree and profile of carbonation as well as mechanical properties were evaluated. Results revealed the most common and probable mechanism responsible for degradation of the reinforced concrete structures in the former Auschwitz camp. 相似文献
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Kazimierz Zielinski Radoslaw Nielek Adam Wierzbicki Adam Jatowt 《Information processing & management》2018,54(1):14-36
Controversy is a complex concept that has been attracting attention of scholars from diverse fields. In the era of Internet and social media, detecting controversy and controversial concepts by the means of automatic methods is especially important. Web searchers could be alerted when the contents they consume are controversial or when they attempt to acquire information on disputed topics. Presenting users with the indications and explanations of the controversy should offer them chance to see the “wider picture” rather than letting them obtain one-sided views. In this work we first introduce a formal model of controversy as the basis of computational approaches to detecting controversial concepts. Then we propose a classification based method for automatic detection of controversial articles and categories in Wikipedia. Next, we demonstrate how to use the obtained results for the estimation of the controversy level of search queries. The proposed method can be incorporated into search engines as a component responsible for detection of queries related to controversial topics. The method is independent of the search engine’s retrieval and search results recommendation algorithms, and is therefore unaffected by a possible filter bubble.Our approach can be also applied in Wikipedia or other knowledge bases for supporting the detection of controversy and content maintenance. Finally, we believe that our results could be useful for social science researchers for understanding the complex nature of controversy and in fostering their studies. 相似文献
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Tertiary Education and Management - Present higher education reforms in the Nordic countries diminish the role and influence of the state on the governance of higher education institutions. While... 相似文献
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Kazimierz Poznański 《Research Policy》1980,9(3):232-253
This paper presents the results of research covering 86 innovations from seven Polish industries. The sample of innovations includes traditional and modern branches - clothing, leather and automotive industry; intermediate products - synthetic fibres and dyestuffs; capital goods - textile machinery; and final consumption goods - furniture and electrical equipment. The purpose of the research was to identify the stimuli and restraints on innovation, especially from the economics and financial system of enterprises in which the innovations were implemented.The research findings show that process innovations are more frequent than product innovations and that Polish enterprises innovate more often because of a need to overcome supply shortages than to meet demand needs. There is evidence of the dominance of in-house developments based on wide utilisation of foreign technological knowledge, both from socialist and from capitalist countries. The important pressure to innovate comes in current economic conditions from research establishments and the above enterprise level (associations and industrial ministries). This study also showas the important role of the non-financial motivations of individuals to engage in innovations,and the existence of some weak points in financial incentives to promote innovations. The Last fact partly explains, The former findings. 相似文献
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The objective of this study was to assess corrosivity of the atmospheric environment in the former Auschwitz I and Auschwitz II-Birkenau concentration and extermination camp, and to identify the protective properties of existing corrosion products in order to estimate the actual corrosion rate of original steel elements located there. The current atmospheric corrosivity of the former Auschwitz camp, specified during one year of exposure of steel samples according to the EN ISO 12944-2 (1998) standard, was determined and it can be described as a boundary between the low C2 and medium C3. The steel corrosion rate in these conditions was in the range of 14–34?µm/year with the average rate of 27?µm/year. A layer of corrosion products formed on uncovered original reinforcement steel rods during ca. 70 years of atmospheric exposure was examined in terms of their protective properties with respect to steel. The microstructure, chemical composition, and elemental chemical state were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods were employed to investigate the corrosion resistance of the carbon steel covered with a layer of corrosion products. It has been estimated that this layer slows down the corrosion rate of steel by about five times. Hence, it can be concluded that the corrosion rate of the original steel parts under the layer of corrosion products should not exceed 7?µm/year. 相似文献
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The investigation results as well as the conclusions which can be drawn from them, on the subject of exploitation the INSPEC data base are presented in this paper. The investigations were concerned with the length of information queries and the number of answers as well as the relationship between them, depending on the character of the user. The results obtained suggest the possibility of lowering the costs of exploitation of the INSPEC data base in the SDI system. 相似文献
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