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1.
The h index is a widely used indicator to quantify an individual's scientific research output. But it has been criticized for its insufficient accuracy—the ability to discriminate reliably between meaningful amounts of research output. As a single measure it cannot capture the complete information on the citation distribution over a scientist's publication list. An extensive data set with bibliometric data on scientists working in the field of molecular biology is taken as an example to introduce two approaches providing additional information to the h index: (1) h2 lower, h2 center, and h2 upper are proposed, which allow quantification of three areas within a scientist's citation distribution: the low impact area (h2 lower), the area captured by the h index (h2 center), and the area of publications with the highest visibility (h2 upper). (2) Given the existence of different areas in the citation distribution, the segmented regression model (sRM) is proposed as a method to statistically estimate the number of papers in a scientist's publication list with the highest visibility. However, such sRM values should be compared across individuals with great care. 相似文献
2.
The universalism norm of the ethos of science requires that contributions to science are not excluded because of the contributors’ gender, nationality, social status, or other irrelevant criteria. Here, a generalized latent variable modeling approach is presented that grant program managers at a funding organization can use in order to obtain indications of potential sources of bias in their peer review process (such as the applicants’ gender). To implement the method, the data required are the number of approved and number of rejected applicants for grants among different groups (for example, women and men or natural and social scientists). Using the generalized latent variable modeling approach indications of potential sources of bias can be examined not only for grant peer review but also for journal peer review. 相似文献
3.
Percentiles have been established in bibliometrics as an important alternative to mean-based indicators for obtaining a normalized citation impact of publications. Percentiles have a number of advantages over standard bibliometric indicators used frequently: for example, their calculation is not based on the arithmetic mean which should not be used for skewed bibliometric data. This study describes the opportunities and limits and the advantages and disadvantages of using percentiles in bibliometrics. We also address problems in the calculation of percentiles and percentile rank classes for which there is not (yet) a satisfactory solution. It will be hard to compare the results of different percentile-based studies with each other unless it is clear that the studies were done with the same choices for percentile calculation and rank assignment. 相似文献
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The numerical-algorithmic procedures of fractional counting and field normalization are often mentioned as indispensable requirements for bibliometric analyses. Against the background of the increasing importance of statistics in bibliometrics, a multilevel Poisson regression model (level 1: publication, level 2: author) shows possible ways to consider fractional counting and field normalization in a statistical model (fractional counting I). However, due to the assumption of duplicate publications in the data set, the approach is not quite optimal. Therefore, a more advanced approach, a multilevel multiple membership model, is proposed that no longer provides for duplicates (fractional counting II). It is assumed that the citation impact can essentially be attributed to time-stable dispositions of researchers as authors who contribute with different fractions to the success of a publication’s citation. The two approaches are applied to bibliometric data for 254 scientists working in social science methodology. A major advantage of fractional counting II is that the results no longer depend on the type of fractional counting (e.g., equal weighting). Differences between authors in rankings are reproduced more clearly than on the basis of percentiles. In addition, the strong importance of field normalization is demonstrated; 60% of the citation variance is explained by field normalization. 相似文献
6.
Martin Mutz 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》2005,19(4):206-212
Zusammenfassung Im Folgenden wird ein prototypisches Werkzeug zur Qualit?tssicherung im modellbasierten Entwurf vorgestellt. Mit diesem Programm
kann eine automatische überprüfung von Modellierungsregeln an zustandsbasierten Modellen erfolgen. Des Weiteren ist eine Bewertung
des Gesamtsystems durch Software-Metriken m?glich. Der Prototyp namens Regel Checker wurde im Rahmen eines Automotive-Projekts entwickelt und eingesetzt. Mit Hilfe des Regel Checkers k?nnen Modellierungsregeln
und Software-Metriken in OCL bzw. Java definiert werden, um Inkonsistenzen, Inkompatibilit?ten sowie Designfehler zu analysieren
und zu bewerten.
In the following, a prototypic tool is introduced for quality assurance in model-based design. Automatic checking of modelling rules in state-based models can be done with this application. Furthermore, an evaluation of the total system is possible by means of software metrics. The prototype called rule checker has been developed and used in a automotive project. With the Rule Checker, modelling rules and software metrics can be defined in OCL and/or Java in order to analyse and evaluate inconsistencies, incompatibilities as well as design errors.
CR Subject Classification D.2.2,D.2.4,D.2.8 相似文献
7.
Some parents foster an athletic and active lifestyle for their children from early childhood on, while others do not. These differences do not arise randomly, but rather go hand-in-hand with patterns of social stratification: Children from socially privileged families are stimulated and supported to pursue sports-related activities with a higher probability than children from families who are educationally or financially deprived. This paper focuses on preschool children (up to age 6) and analyses their participation in organised sports courses. We use data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP). Results show that a remarkable proportion of 41% of the children are involved in sports courses, although considerable social disparities can be identified. As our findings demonstrate, socio-economic inequality does not necessarily directly affect children??s participation in sports. Instead, the effect is mediated by their parents?? lifestyles. Socially privileged families show a higher percentage of both parents being actively engaged in sports. This, in turn, is the most significant factor in explaining children??s involvement in sports courses. Furthermore, findings indicate that older children, native German children and those who attend kindergarten feature significantly higher participation rates. 相似文献
8.
Michael Mutz 《Sportwissenschaft》2018,48(2):287-292
This paper coins the term ‘football patriotism’ to describe the open, expressive handling of national symbols (e.?g. flags, anthems, national colors) in the context of international football events. Based on a representative online survey of the adult German population (N?=?1092), which was carried out in the course of the 2016 UEFA EURO, this paper presents, for the first time, empirical findings on three essential questions: (1) Which proportion of the German population was involved in which forms of football-related patriotic behavior? (2) To what extent does this proportion vary between different social demographic groups? (3) Which political and ideological attitudes are associated with football patriotism? The results illustrate that roughly 15% of German adults were involved in three or more different patriotic actions during the EURO. This proportion was lower among older, East German and immigrant respondents and higher in families with children. Football patriots positioned themselves less often as politically ‘left’ and endorsed patriotic and nationalistic statements more strongly. 相似文献
9.
Regarding evaluation of individual researchers, the bibliometric indicators approach has been increasingly discussed recently, but there are some problems involved with it: construct definition, measurement errors, level of scale, dimensionality, normalization. Based on a psychometric model, the Rasch model, we developed a measuring scale for the theoretical construct ‘researcher’s performance capacity,’ defined as the competency of a researcher to write influential papers. The aim was a scale that is one-dimensional and continuous, is applicable to bibliometric count variables, and takes measurement errors into account. In this paper we present the psychometric model (Bayesian Poisson Rasch model, BPR) and its assumptions and examine the behavior of the model under various sampling conditions. For a sample of N?=?254 researchers in a quantitative methodology section of an undisclosed German academic society for social sciences, using the BPR model we developed a scale that we named ‘Bibliometric Quotient’ (BQ, M?=?100, SD?=?15) (following the term ‘intelligence quotient’). The scale fulfills most of the test-theoretical requirements (e.g., high reliability αt?=?.96, no differential item functioning except for academic age and German states) and in addition allows researchers to be ranked. Women’s BQ scores were 8.3 points lower on the scale than men’s BQ scores. 相似文献
10.
Michael Mutz Johannes Müller Arne Göring 《Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning》2019,19(1):56-66
Research provided ample evidence that excessive screen time (ST) in adolescence has detrimental effects on psychosocial health. This paper argues that structured outdoor programs can serve as an antidote to negative health impacts of exaggerated ST. For youth with a high level of regular ST, outdoor adventures imply a break with their ‘normal’ (mediatized) lifestyle, so that greater progress in mental health can potentially arise. This hypothesis is tested in a sample of adolescents, who took part in a 10-day outdoor program. Pre-to-post program mean comparisons for stress, hedonic balance and life satisfaction show significant positive changes. However, benefits of the program are markedly greater among youths with a high level of daily ST compared to youths with low-to-moderate levels. 相似文献