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1.
Pascale Marguerite Josiane Engel de Abreu Susan Elizabeth Gathercole Romain Martin 《Learning and individual differences》2011,21(5):569-574
This study investigates the relationship between working memory and language in young children growing up in a multilingual environment. The aim is to explore whether mechanisms of short-term storage and cognitive control hold similar relations to emerging language skills and to investigate if potential links are mediated by related cognitive abilities. A sample of 119 Luxembourgish 6-year-olds completed several assessments of working memory (complex and simple span), native and foreign vocabulary, syntax, reading, rhyme awareness, and fluid intelligence. Results showed that short-term storage and cognitive control manifested differential links with developing language abilities: Whereas verbal short-term storage was specifically linked to vocabulary; cognitive control manifested unique and robust links with syntax and early reading development. The study suggests that in young children the working memory system is composed of separate but interacting components corresponding to short-term storage and cognitive control that can be distinguished by the roles they play in supporting language acquisition. 相似文献
2.
Tina L. Freiburger Danielle M. Romain Blake M. Randol Catherine D. Marcum 《Journal of Criminal Justice Education》2017,28(2):222-247
Using a factorial survey administered to college students at two Universities, this study examines students’ tendencies to engage in academic misconduct. The relation of strain, self-control, and deterrence theories to likelihood of cheating are further explored. The results suggest that increasing the severity of the punishment for cheating does not deter academic misconduct; however, several variables indicating an increased certainty of being caught did decrease the likelihood of cheating behaviors. Only the strain variables that indicated a student had an ill family member or that the student found the course difficult significantly increased academic misconduct. Although self-control did not have a direct effect on cheating it indirectly affected cheating behaviors through students’ perceptions of getting caught and their perception of wrongfulness of the cheating behavior. Policy and future research implications of the findings are further discussed. 相似文献
3.
This paper presents a droplet-based microfluidic device for concurrent droplet charging and sorting by electrostatic actuation. Water-in-oil droplets can be charged on generation by synchronized electrostatic actuation. Then, simultaneously, the precharged droplets can be electrostatically steered into any designated laminar streamline, thus they can be sorted into one of multiple sorting channels one by one in a controlled fashion. In this paper, we studied the size dependence of the water droplets under various relative flow rates of water and oil. We demonstrated the concurrent charging and sorting of up to 600 droplets∕s by synchronized electrostatic actuation. Finally, we investigated optimized voltages for stable droplet charging and sorting. This is an essential enabling technology for fast, robust, and multiplexed sorting of microdroplets, and for the droplet-based microfluidic systems. 相似文献
4.
The relative effects of group size on reading progress of older students with reading difficulties 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Vaughn S Wanzek J Wexler J Barth A Cirino PT Fletcher J Romain M Denton CA Roberts G Francis D 《Reading and writing》2010,23(8):931-956
This study reports findings on the relative effects from a yearlong secondary intervention contrasting large-group, small-group,
and school-provided interventions emphasizing word study, vocabulary development, fluency, and comprehension with seventh-
and eighth-graders with reading difficulties. Findings indicate that few statistically significant results or clinically significant
gains were associated with group size or intervention. Findings also indicate that a significant acceleration of reading outcomes
for seventh- and eighth-graders from high-poverty schools is unlikely to result from a 50 min daily class. Instead, the findings
indicate, achieving this outcome will require more comprehensive models including more extensive intervention (e.g., more
time, even smaller groups), interventions that are longer in duration (multiple years), and interventions that vary in emphasis
based on specific students’ needs (e.g., increased focus on comprehension or word study). 相似文献
5.
Wafa Douzi Olivier Dupuy Maxence Tanneau Geoffroy Boucard Romain Bouzigon 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(6):860-867
Exercise training during evening may disturb sleep patterns and hinder recovery process. The present study aimed to examine the effect of whole body cryotherapy (WBC) exposure after training in the evening on sleep quality and night heart rate variability (HRV). A total of 22 physically active men were randomized to undergo either WBC (3-min at ?40°C, wind speed of 2.3?m?s?1) or passive recovery (control) following an evening training consisting of 25?min of continuous running at 65% of the maximal aerobic speed (MAS) followed by intermittent running at 85% of the MAS. Each night following the training, the number of movements and HRV during sleeping time were recorded. The next morning, subjective sleep quality and perceived pain were assessed using Spiegel questionnaire and a visual analogue scale, respectively. The number of movements during the night following WBC was significantly reduced (p?0.05) compared with the control condition. Subjective sleep quality following WBC was significantly better than the control group (p?0.05). During the estimated slow-wave sleep (SWS), the high frequency power (HF) was higher in the WBC group than the control group (p?0.05), and the low frequency power (LF) and the LF/HF ratio were lower than the control group (p?0.05). Pain was significantly reduced following WBC compared to the control (p?0.01). In conclusion, the use of 3-min WBC after training in the evening improves subjective and objective sleep quality in physically active subjects, which may be due to greater pain relief and improved parasympathetic nervous activity during the SWS period. 相似文献
6.
Paul T. Cirino Melissa A. Romain Amy E. Barth Tammy D. Tolar Jack M. Fletcher Sharon Vaughn 《Reading and writing》2013,26(7):1059-1086
This study investigated how measures of decoding, fluency, and comprehension in middle school students overlap with one another, whether the pattern of overlap differs between struggling and typical readers, and the relative frequency of different types of reading difficulties. The 1,748 sixth, seventh, and eighth grade students were oversampled for struggling readers (n = 1,025) on the basis of the state reading comprehension proficiency measure. Multigroup confirmatory factor analyses showed partial invariance among struggling and typical readers (with differential loadings for fluency and for comprehension), and strict invariance for decoding and a combined fluency/comprehension factor. Among these struggling readers, most (85 %) also had weaknesses on nationally standardized measures, particularly in comprehension; however, most of these also had difficulties in decoding or fluency. These results show that the number of students with a specific comprehension problem is lower than recent consensus reports estimate and that the relation of different reading components varies according to struggling versus proficient readers. 相似文献
7.
Capranica L Minganti C Billat V Hanghoj S Piacentini MF Cumps E Meeusen R 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2005,76(2):212-223
In general, women are well represented among sport participants and sport audiences but not in the media. Data show that women's sport is greatly underreported and trivialized in newspapers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to measure press coverage during the 2000 Summer Olympic Games in the largest circulating Belgian, Danish, French, and Italian daily newspapers by: (a) number of articles, (b) size, (c) page placement, (d) accompanyingphotographs, and (e) photograph size. For each sport covered, the athletes' nationality and the gender were recorded. Compared to the 1996 Atlanta Games, there was an increase of 326 female athletes (+4 %), and women competed in 25 sports and 132 events (44 %) of the total 300 events. Although only 29.3 % of the articles and 38 % of photos were on women 's sports, the newspaper coverage was similar to the distribution of participating athletes and events. No significant gender differences were found with respect to article size, page placement, accompanying photographs, or photograph size. The most covered sport was track and field, independent of national achievement. Other sports received different coverage in relation to national expectations, achievement, and participation. In conclusion, there was a trend to overcome gender inequities in media coverage during the Olympic Games, which may be due to the International Olympic Committee's actions to promote increased participation of women in sport activities and to publicize their achievements. Moreover, during the Olympic Games, a nationalistic fervor might affect the equality of gender coverage. 相似文献
8.
Stéphanie Grosdent Christophe Demoulin Carlos Rodriguez de La Cruz Romain Giop Marco Tomasella Jean-Michel Crielaard 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(11):1021-1029
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the history of low back pain and quality of lumbopelvic motor control in soccer players. Forty-three male elite soccer players (mean age, 18.2 ± 1.4 years) filled in questionnaires related to low back pain and attended a session to assess lumbopelvic motor control by means of five tests (the bent knee fall out test, the knee lift abdominal test, the sitting knee extension test, the waiter’s bow and the transversus abdominis test). A physiotherapist, blinded to the medical history of the participants, scored (0 = failed, 1 = correct) the performance of the players for each of the tests resulting in a lumbopelvic motor control score ranging from 0 to 5. Forty-seven per cent of the soccer players reported a disabling low back pain episode lasting at least two consecutive days in the previous year. These players scored worse lumbopelvic motor control than players without a history of low back pain (lumbopelvic motor control score of 1.8 vs. 3.3, P < 0.01). The between-groups difference was particularly marked for the bent knee fall out test, the knee lift abdominal test and the transversus abdominis test (P < 0.01). In conclusion, most soccer players with a history of low back pain had an altered lumbopelvic motor control. Further research should examine whether lumbopelvic motor control is etiologically involved in low back pain episodes in soccer players. 相似文献
9.
Melissa A. Romain Keith A. Millner Victoria E. Moss Marguerite Held 《Reading and writing》2007,20(6):619-641
The purpose of this article was twofold. First, the assessment materials from four core reading programs were informally reviewed
for their adherence to Texas Reading First progress monitoring guidelines for kindergarten and the beginning of Grade 1. Conclusions
support existing concerns regarding the variability in the quality and quantity of assessment materials within and across
programs as well as concerns about whether the materials lend themselves to progress monitoring purposes at 2-week intervals
for students who are struggling readers. Second, recommendations are made for the development of progress monitoring tools
that are concise, easy for teachers to use, and that provide clear guidelines regarding the use of progress monitoring data
to drive instruction. Accordingly the recent development of a progress monitoring tool that parallels the Texas Primary Reading
Inventory (TPRI), which is an assessment tool used in approximately 95% of Texas Reading First schools was discussed. 相似文献
10.