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Physical education (PE) lessons involve complex and dynamic interactive sequences between students, equipment and teacher. The potential for unexpected and/or unintended events is relatively large, a point reflected in an increasing amount of scholarship dealing with classroom management (CM). This scholarship further suggests that unexpected and disruptive events negatively impact on learning and can have deleterious effects on teacher health. Despite considerable potential for these kinds of events, many PE lessons occur in structured, organized ways. The broad purpose of this paper is to consider how classroom action becomes ordered in PE contexts. To this end, an interactional approach is put forward including the specific analytic concepts of directives, epistemic authority and deontic authority. To exemplify the approach, the micro-dynamics of a situation in which a group of students are building a human pyramid is examined. The examination draws attention to: how the teacher engages in a series of interactions with the students to move the sequence forward; how the students themselves achieve order through their interactions with one another; and how the characteristics of the activity help to organize the students' behaviors and limit possibilities for action. The discussion is located against a backdrop of current CM scholarship. Reference is also made to two aspects of social context: the increasing prominence of managerial discourse in educational arenas and the significance of student-centeredness in pedagogical theory. Both aspects appear to influence how order can be achieved in PE today. The analysis raises issues related to pedagogy, management and authority which are addressed in the final two sections of the paper. 相似文献
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Issues of sustainability are complex and often steeped with ethical and political questions without predefined or general answers. This paper deals with how secondary and upper secondary teachers discuss these complex issues, by analysing their aims for Education for Sustainable Development. With inspiration from discourse theory, their articulations about students as political subjects are analysed. Critical thinking emerged as a nodal point in teachers’ discussions. In this study, critical thinking is articulated as having various qualitative meanings related to different epistemological views. On one hand, critical thinking is articulated to invite room for subjectification; but on the other hand, room for subjectification is challenged when critical thinking is articulated through the educational aims of qualification and socialisation. A consequence of changing epistemological view might be that political and ethical issues take a back seat. 相似文献
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Claes Ericsson Monica Lindgren 《Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education》2011,32(5):713-728
This article presents an analysis of video documentation of music teaching in Swedish schools. The article is based on a larger research project, funded by The Swedish Research Council, the purpose of which has been to study how market aesthetics and students’ everyday culture are applied to the teaching of music. The introduction presents a background for the study's focus on music teaching in relation to issues of student influence. Next, the theoretical and methodological starting points are presented. With discourse psychological microanalysis as a point of departure, the ideological dilemma that has emerged in the analysis of the videos is then identified and discussed. In addition, the different types of subject positions contained in the studied discursive practice are problematized. The article concludes with a discussion of a number of factors that contribute to the establishment of ideological dilemmas in school practitioners of music education. 相似文献
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Theo Araujo Anke Wonneberger Peter Neijens Claes de Vreese 《Communication methods and measures》2017,11(3):173-190
Given the importance of survey measures of online media use for communication research, it is crucial to assess and improve their quality, in particular because the increasingly fragmented and ubiquitous usage of internet complicates the accuracy of self-reported measures. This study contributes to the discussion regarding the accuracy of self-reported internet use by presenting relevant factors potentially affecting biases of self-reports and testing survey design strategies to improve accuracy. Combining automatic tracking data and survey data from the same participants (N = 690) confirmed low levels of accuracy and tendencies of over-reporting. The analysis revealed biases due to a range of factors associated with the intensity of (actual) internet usage, propensity to multitask, day of reference, and the usage of mobile devices. An anchoring technique could not be proved to reduce inaccuracies of reporting behavior. Several recommendations for research practice follow from these findings. 相似文献
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Web-spinning activity ofAchaearanea tepidarortum (Koch) was observed in relation to amount of prior feeding, hours of food deprivation, and the number of flies (Drosophila melanogaster) available in the animal’s environment. Web spinning was positively related to the number of flies consumed in a 24-h period prior to testing, but did not vary significantly between 24 and 72 h of food deprivation. The amount of available food in the environment was positively related to web-spinning activity during a 48-h test period. 相似文献
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Helen Hasslöf Iann Lundegård Claes Malmberg 《International Journal of Science Education》2016,38(2):259-275
In an ‘age of measurement’ where students’ qualification is a hot topic on the political agenda, it is of interest to ask what the function of qualification might implicate in relation to a complex issue as Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) and what function environmental and sustainability issues serve in science education. This paper deals with how secondary and upper secondary teachers in discussions with colleagues articulate qualification in relation to educational aims of ESD. With inspiration from discourse theory, the teachers’ articulations of qualification are analysed and put in relation to other functions of education (qualification, socialisation and subjectification). The results of this study show three discourses of qualification: scientific reasoning, awareness of complexity and to be critical. The discourse of ‘qualification as to be critical’ is articulated as a composite of differing epistemological views. In this discourse, the teachers undulate between rationalistic epistemological views and postmodern views, in a pragmatic way, to articulate a discourse of critical thinking which serves as a reflecting tool to bring about different ways of valuing issues of sustainability, which reformulates ‘matter of facts’ towards ‘matter of concerns’ 相似文献
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连文琰 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1975,13(1):32-55
The Menispermaceae is a well-known alkaloid-rich family within the flowering
plants. Because of the therapeutic value and pharmacological actions of the alkaloids,
contents of its members it has, besides taxonomists also attracted the attention of
chemists, pharmacists and other research workers. In the present work, the menisper-
maceous medicinal plants of this country are dealt with from their taxonomical, phy-
tochemical and therapeutic aspects.
As a result of our preliminary study, out of 18 genera with some 70 species so
far found in China, 15 genera with 51 species and 2 varieties are known to possess
medicinal value, of which some are famous Chinese drugs, viz. Stephania tetrandra S.
Moore (粉防己), Tinospora callipes Gagnep. (金果榄), Sinomenium acutum (Thunb.)
Rehd. et Wils. (青藤); some are important folk remedies, e.g. Archangelisia loureirii
(Pierre) Diels (古山龙), Stephania cepharantha Hayata (金线吊乌龟); and some are
raw materials for the preparation of medicines, e.g. Fibraurea tinctoria Lour. for
tetrahydropalmatine, Stephania sinica Diels for rotundine, etc.
After a careful taxonomic examination, two new species, Cocculus mokaingensis
Lien, Pericampelos omeiensis Lien, are found and herewith discribed.
Isoquinoline alkaloids are widely distributed in the whole family. The Trib.
Aniamirteae consisting of genus Arcangelisia, the Trib. Fibraureae consisting of
genera Tinomiscium and Fibraurea, as well as the Trib. Tinosporeae consisting of
genera Tinospora and Parabaena are charaterized by the presence of proberberine
alkaloids, e.g. berberine, palmatine, jatrorrhizine, columbamine, etc. and such
alkaloid-bearing plants are commonly used as antiperiodic, antidote, antibiotic, anti-
malarial, etc. On the other hand, the Trib. Menispermeae elaborates mainly
bisbenzylisoquinoline-type alkaloids, and these plants are usually used in the treatment
of rheumatism, and often as an anodyne, diuretic etc. To facilitate identification, 10 plates are here provided. 相似文献
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基于建筑信息模型（Building Information Modeling, BIM)）概念,以福州市规划设计研究院新建大楼为实际案例,应用Autodesk Revit软件将原有CAD图纸进行BIM结构钢筋和机电模型建置,并提出BIM技术虚拟仿真过程中发现的问题。研究结果表明:（１）BIM技术可实际解决工程常常出现钢筋复杂节点、机电管道碰撞的问题;（２）机电系统进行Revit翻模时,不能按原CAD路径绘制,族库不全需建族完善。该研究成果可为后期施工决策提供技术支持,并有助于相关行业人士学习与借鉴。 相似文献