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Banibrata Mukhopadhyay Shashikant Chinchole Valentine Lobo Sishir Gang Mohan Rajapurkar 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2004,19(2):14-19
Serum creatinine does not distinguish between various causes of graft dysfunction. Serial assay of proximal tubular enzymes
N-Acetyl-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), Alanine aminopeptidase (AAP) and Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) in urine was done to assess
their usefulness in distinguishing various causes of graft dysfunction. Daily serum creatinine and enzymuria were measured
in 32 consecutive renal allograft recipients for first 15 postoperative days. Graft dysfunction was defined as >20% increase
in serum creatinine and >100% increase in enzymuria over the baseline. The diagnosis of graft dysfunction was based upon clinical
criteria, ultrasonography, cyclosporin trough level, allograft biopsy, response to anti-rejection therapy and alteration of
cyclosporin dosage. Fifteen episodes of graft dysfunction were identified in 15 patients. The sensitivity and specificity
of the enzymes (NAG, AAP and GGT) for predicting graft dysfunction were 87.5%, 86.9%, 88.5% and 98.2%, 98.2%, 97.9% respectively.
There was a significant increase in enzymuria during acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and acute rejection episode compared to
cyclosporin nephrotoxicity (p<0.01). Enzymuria assay provides a simple, reliable and noninvasive method to distinguish cyclosporin
nephrotoxicity from acute tubular necrosis and acute rejection in renal allograft recipients. 相似文献
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A field study was conducted in Israel to identify emblematic gestures recognized and used by Hebrew speakers. Studies which have identified the emblematic gestures of particular ethnic or national groups are reviewed and criticized. This study seeks to contribute increased rigor and systematology to the identification of particular groups' emblematic gestures.Twenty-six gestures commonly used in classroom interaction were selected for testing. The instrument used was Schneller's form, “Investigations of Interpersonal Communication in Israel.” Subjects included college students, members of YMCA classes for pensioners, and others. On the instrument, subjects noted their recognition and interpretations of the investigator's encoding intentions, their certainty or interpretation and where they learned each gesture.Whereas previous studies of this nature accepted around 70% interpretive agreement among subjects, this study indicates that at least 90% is a more reliable measure by which to label gestures “emblems.” In addition, correlations were tabulated for the effects of subjects' age, ethnicity, years in Israel, certainty about interpretation, and accuracy of interpretation.The findings of this study were: (a) eight gestures were identified as emblems, and three more gestures identified as possible emblems, (b) slightly negative although insignificant correlations were found between increased age, years in Israel, expressed certainty of interpretation and accuracy of interpretation, and (c) natives and subjects from 20–24 years of age tended to have the highest rates of expressed certainty of interpretation as well as accuracy of interpretation.The findings are compared with those of three other studies of Jews' gesturing and differences between the studies are considered. Recommendations include continuing such studies and comparing the results of related projects in order to form a comprehensive picture of particular groups of people.Limitations are discussed. These include: (a) a less than representative sample, (b) lack of a consistent conversational context, (c) potential for distortion in the decoding process, (d) the lack of a unified gesture labeling system, and (e) the possibility of cultural or researcher bias. 相似文献
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Kopcha Theodore J. Valentine Keri D. Ocak Ceren 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2021,69(4):1881-1887
Educational technology research and development - In this preface to the special issue on embodied cognition and technology for learning, we begin with a brief overview of embodied cognition. We... 相似文献
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Vivian C. Wong Jeffrey C. Valentine Kate Miller-Bains 《Journal of research on educational effectiveness》2017,10(1):207-236
This article summarizes results from 12 empirical evaluations of observational methods in education contexts. We look at the performance of three common covariate-types in observational studies where the outcome is a standardized reading or math test. They are: pretest measures, local geographic matching, and rich covariate sets with a strong theory of treatment selection. Overall, the review demonstrates that although the pretest often reduces bias in observational studies, it does not always eliminate it. Its performance depends on the pretest's correlation with treatment selection and the outcome, and whether preintervention trends are present. We also find that although local comparisons are prioritized for matching, its performance depends on whether comparable no-treatment cases are available. Otherwise, local comparisons may produce badly biased results. In cases where researchers have a strong theory of selection and rich covariate sets, observational methods perform well, but additional replication studies are needed. Finally, observational methods that rely on demographic covariates without a theory of selection rarely produce unbiased treatment effects. The article concludes by offering education researchers empirically based guidance on covariate selection in observational studies. 相似文献
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Iain Hunter Aubree McLeod Dru Valentine Tyler Low Jared Ward Ron Hager 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(20):2367-2373
ABSTRACTThe choice of marathon racing shoes can greatly affect performance. The purpose of this study is to metabolically and mechanically compare the consumer version of the Nike Vaporfly 4% shoe to two other popular marathon shoes, and determine differences in running economy. Nineteen subjects performed two 5-minute trials at 4.44m/s wearing the Adidas Adios Boost (AB), Nike Zoom Streak (ZS), and Nike Vaporfly 4% (VP) in random order. Oxygen uptake was recorded during minutes 3–5 and averaged across both shoe trials. On a second day, subjects wore reflective markers, and performed a 3-minute trial in each shoe. Motion and force data were collected over the final 30 seconds of each trial. VP oxygen uptake was 2.8% and 1.9% lower than the AB and ZS. Stride length, plantar flexion velocity, and center of mass vertical oscillation were significantly different in the VP. The percent benefit of the VP over AB shoe was predicted by subject ground time. These results indicate that use of the VP shoe results in improved running economy, partially due to differences in running mechanics. Subject variation in running economy improvement is only partially explained by variation in ground time. 相似文献