Adapting Active Support Interactive Training to a special school context to upskill classroom staff and increase engagement in pupils     

Ceridwen Evans  Sandy Toogood  Stephanie Owen-Leeds  Leusa Dwyfor  Shabreen Jorammanawar  Nour Issa  J. Carl Hughes 《British Journal of Special Education》2021,48(3):369-392

Research indicates that engagement acts as an important precursor for learning, yet sustaining the engagement of pupils with special educational needs can be a challenge for classroom staff. An Active Support staff training package, Interactive Training, has been demonstrated as an effective way of increasing engagement in adults accessing learning disability services. In theory the logic of Active Support Interactive Training could extend to a school environment, with the aim of achieving similar outcomes. The current study evaluated a special school-adapted version of Active Support Interactive Training with the aim of increasing engagement in pupils during group-based learning. Findings showed an increase in engagement in pupils for all three settings (classrooms) immediately after intervention, which continued to either increase or stabilise at three-month follow-up. Further research could test the engagement behaviour of staff pre- and post- training intervention and explore practice leadership within the school leadership team to address maintenance.  相似文献   

Bullying, violence, and risk behavior in South African school students     

Liang H  Flisher AJ  Lombard CJ 《Child abuse & neglect》2007,31(2):161-171

OBJECTIVES: To examine the prevalence of bullying behavior in adolescents from Cape Town and Durban, South Africa, and the association of these behaviors with levels of violence and risk behavior. METHOD: Five thousand and seventy-four adolescent schoolchildren in grade 8 (mean age 14.2 years) and grade 11 (mean age 17.4 years) at 72 Government schools in Cape Town and Durban, South Africa completed self-report questionnaires on participation in bullying, violent, anti-social and risk behaviors. RESULTS: Over a third (36.3%) of students were involved in bullying behavior, 8.2% as bullies, 19.3% as victims and 8.7% as bully-victims (those that are both bullied and bully others). Male students were most at risk of both perpetration and victimization, with younger boys more vulnerable to victimization. Violent and anti-social behaviors were increased in bullies, victims and bully-victims compared to controls not involved in any bullying behavior (p<.01 in all cases). Risk taking behavior was elevated for bullies and bully-victims, but for victims was largely comparable to controls. Victims were less likely to smoke than controls (odds ratio .83, p<.05). Bully-victims showed largely comparable violent, anti-social and risk taking behavior profiles to bullies. Bully-victims showed comparable suicidal ideation and smoking profiles to victims. CONCLUSIONS: Results were in keeping with Western findings. Involvement in bullying is a common problem for young South Africans. Bullying behavior can act as an indicator of violent, anti-social and risk-taking behaviors.  相似文献   

Addressing the Sex Abuse Crisis in Communities of Faith and Learning     

Carl Procario-Foley 《Religious education (Chicago, Ill.)》2020,115(3):335-342

Abstract

This paper argues that educational communities of faith and learning (e.g. Catholic colleges and universities) are especially primed to face into the pain and reality of the sex abuse crisis in honest and constructive ways. Citing the need for strategic collaboration between mental health professionals and religious educators, it calls for pedagogies which: are trauma-informed and utilize the insights of neuroscience; promote open dialogue in the face of organizational silence; foster safe and courageous spaces; attend to the dangerous memory and deep impacts which accompany survivors of the sex abuse. It argues that failure to address the sex abuse crisis with open and interdisciplinary discourse fosters a null curriculum that will only serve to have corrosive implications.  相似文献   

Executive functions in elementary school children with and without problems in written expression     

Hooper SR  Swartz CW  Wakely MB  de Kruif RE  Montgomery JW 《Journal of learning disabilities》2002,35(1):57-68

This study examined the executive functioning of 55 elementary school children with and without problems in written expression. Two groups reflecting children with and without significant writing problems were defined by an average primary trait rating across two separate narratives. The groups did not differ in terms of chronological age, ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic status, special education status, or presence of attention problems or receptive vocabulary capabilities; however, they did differ in reading decoding ability, and this variable was controlled for in all analyses. Dependent measures included tasks tapping an array of executive functions grouped conceptually in accordance with a model of executive functioning reflecting the following domains: initiate, sustain, set shifting, and inhibition/stopping. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) procedures revealed statistically significant group differences on the initiation and set shift domains, with the sustaining domain approaching significance. Children with writing problems performed more poorly in each of these domains, although the effect sizes were small. A multiple regression that employed these four factors and the reading decoding variable to predict the primary trait score from the written narratives revealed a statistically significant regression function; however, reading decoding contributed most of the unique variance to the writing outcome. These findings point out the importance of executive functions in the written language process for elementary school students, but highlight the need to examine other variables when studying elementary school-age children with written expression problems.  相似文献   

Crazy Children, Fantastical Theories, and the Many Uses of Metaphysics     

Carl N. Johnson 《Child development》1997,68(6):1024-1026

Woolley rightly challenges the incredible idea, held by some adults, that it is children who are peculiarly "fantastical" in their thinking. However, Woolley expresses little appreciation for "fantastical thinking" as it underlies the capacity for both grand delusions and amazing insights. In reducing "fantastical thinking" to conceptual error, she overlooks the mythical underpinning of her own theorizing and neglects the many constructive roles of "fantastical thinking" in development.  相似文献   

Evaluating a computer‐based reading programme with children with Intellectual Disabilities: feasibility and pilot research     

Emily J. Roberts-Tyler  John Carl Hughes  Richard P. Hastings 《Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs》2020,20(1):14-26

Increasing evidence indicates that individuals with Intellectual Disabilities (ID) might benefit from phonics‐based reading instruction. However, research and instruction in this field has predominantly focused on sight word reading. Models for complex interventions recommend that feasibility research be conducted prior to conducting randomised studies to assess efficacy of interventions (Thabane et al., 2010). The aim of the current paper is therefore to investigate feasibility questions relating to conducting a full‐scale randomised controlled trial (RCT) evaluation of an online, phonics‐based reading programme (Headsprout^? Early Reading; HER) with children with ID. Employing a randomised pre‐test post‐test group design, this study explores and trials important aspects of a RCT evaluation to inform a full‐scale RCT. We also found that HER had a significant effect on reading skills when compared with ‘education as usual’, with large effect sizes on the main outcome measure. This indicates that further, more robust evaluations using HER with children with ID are a worthwhile pursuit.  相似文献   

The Literature on Multicultural Education: review and analysis     

Carl A. Grant  Christine E. Sleeter  James E. Anderson 《Educational studies》1986,12(1):47-71

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The scientific matrix     

Arthur L. Benton  Mary Wootton Masland M.A.  Jane B. Levine  Carl L. Kline M.D.  C.R.C.P.  MBR 《Annals of dyslexia》1971,21(1):111-127

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USING TAPE‐CODE: PRODUCTION ASPECTS     

Carl Neads 《Learning, Media and Technology》1976,2(4):117-118

A system of tape‐code has been in operation for two years in the Television Unit of the University of Liverpool (Hyde, 1975). It has proved to be a useful production aid and can free the producer from standing over the shoulders of the videotape editor during the editing process. This paper describes a procedure for annotating the instructions to the editor clearly and unambiguously.  相似文献   

Contact and Interactivity: Social Constructionist Pedagogy in a Video-Based, Management Writing Course     

Carl Whithaus  Joyce Magnotto Neff 《Technical Communication Quarterly》2006,15(4):431-456

In this study of a management writing course delivered via interactive television (ITV) and video streaming (VS), we examine the impact of video-based media on the instructor's pedagogy. Using grounded theory as a methodological lens, we arrive at two core categories, contact and interactivity, and four subcategories, presence, control, dialogue, and liveliness. After a careful analysis of these categories, we claim that video-based delivery deserves attention because it represents a promising component of distance learning writing instruction. Video allows an instructor to reintroduce talking as a means of learning into the arena of distance education, which tends to be dominated by text-heavy, Web-based methods of delivery. In fact, the emergence of liveliness as a category suggests that, for distant students, active learning occurs during spontaneous discussions made possible by video components. Video-based media that complement text-based interactivity can support social constructionist pedagogy in distance learning.  相似文献