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Using a multiple case study approach across seven schools in the United States and Sweden that serve newcomer students exceptionally well, we identified the strategies they implemented across sites that served to meet the educational needs of these students. We found that these schools provided a comprehensive approach to support the socioemotional and academic needs of their newcomer students, identifying many common practices for improving outcomes for newcomer students. 相似文献
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Citizens of modern societies must trust a broad range of systems and professionals. When distrust arises, professionals are expected to be accountable. This paper draws on conversational material from a preschool team meeting. When a preschool work team prepares to meet a parent who has complained about their recurring neglect to change her child’s nappies ‘in time’, they are found: (1) to carefully review the encounter with the client, (2) in a team-building fashion, to select suitable accounts to offer ‘front stage’ and (3) to internally justify their selection of accounts. Our results indicate that work team members who engaged in backstage rehearsal author the organisation for building trust and, simultaneously ‘rehearse away’ what should remain the organisations’ secrets. Communicating the intent to satisfy was deemed more important than was using evidence from their professional knowledge base. 相似文献
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Carola Conle 《欧洲师范教育杂志》2000,23(1):49-63
The development of narrative inquiry focusing on one particular institutional setting is described. There follows a brief delineation of how narrative inquiry in education moved from being a research tool to becoming a vehicle for curriculum, first at the graduate and then at the pre-service level of teacher development. After reference to some theoretical resources for narrative inquiry, criteria and terms developed since 1982 are examined and potential dangers implicit in the inquiry and the need to keep it a rational enterprise are explored. On décrit le développement des enquêtes narratives dans un milieu institutionnel particulier. Par la suite, on présente brièvement la fa¸ con dont les recherches narratives dans le domaine des sciences éducatives sont passées d'être un instrument de recherche pour devenir un véhicule du curriculum, d'abord au niveau des études supérieures, ensuite au niveau de la formation des mâtres. Ayant mentionné quelques ressources théoriques, on traite par la suite des critères et des termes développés depuis 1982 avant de terminer sur certains des dangers tacites dans les enquêtes narratives et sur la nécessité de garder ces enquêtes dans le domaine de la raison, de ne pas les abandonner au relativisme et à la liberté de la fiction. El presente artículo describe el desarrollo de la investigación narrativa en un ambiente institucional particular. E delinea brevemente cómo la investigación narrativa en educación ha pasado de ser una herramienta de investigación a ser un vehículo del curriculum, primero a nivel de postrado y luego a nivel de licenciatura en la formación de maestros. Se hace además referencia a algunos recursos teóricos para la investigación narrativa y se puntualizan los criterios y términos desarrollados desde 1982. Finalmente, se presentan algunos de los posibles peligros implícitos en la investigación y la necesidad de mantenerla a un nivel racional. Der Artikel skizziert die Entwicklung der narrativen Forschung in einem bestimmten institutionellen Millieu in Kanada. Er schildert, wie sich dort narrative Untersuchungen im Gebiet der Erziehungswissenschaften von einem Forschungsbereich zu einem Träger für das Curriculum, zuerst in 'graduate studies' und dann in der Lehrerausbildung, entwickelt haben. Verweisend auf theoretische Stützpunkte, werden wichtige Kriterien und Termini, die seit 1982 entstanden sind, untersucht, und der Artikel schliesst mit der Prüfung potentieller Gefahren und der Notwendigkeit, die narrative Forschung weder dem Bereich der Vernunft zu entziehen, noch in den absoluten Relativismus oder die freie Erfindung zu befördern. 相似文献
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Adalbjornsson CF Fischman MG Rudisill ME 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2008,79(1):36-41
The end-state comfort effect has been observed in recent studies of grip selection in adults. The present study investigated whether young children also exhibit sensitivity to end-state comfort. The task was to pick up an overturned cup from a table, turn the cup right side up, and pour water into it. Two age groups (N = 20 per group) were studied: preschool children (2-3 years old), and kindergarten students (5-6 years old). Each child performed three videotaped trials of the task. Only 11 of the 40 children exhibited the end-state comfort effect, and there were no differences between age groups. Results revealed the emergence of five different performance patterns, none of which were consistent with sensitivity to end-state comfort. The findings have implications for the advance planning of manual control in young children. 相似文献
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In the past, students' participation in science competitions has been positively associated with their aspirations to pursue a career in science. Previous studies, however, were predominantly focused around successful competitors, overlooking the largest group of participants: those who are faced with early elimination. We therefore aimed to investigate the effects of elimination on the development of biology-related study and career task values and expectancy of success in first-round participants of the German Biology Olympiad (N = 381, mean age 16.5 years, 72% female). This study was the first of its kind to use a latent change score model approach to examine the effects of early elimination, with a particular focus on participants who placed great emphasis on succeeding in the competition. We found that, regardless of success or failure, participants' biology-related study and career task value remained stable from the first to the second round of the competition, while their expectancy of success in biology-related studies and career developed positively. Yet, for those participants who placed great importance on advancing in the competition, early elimination interfered with the development of study and career expectations, resulting in a weaker development. The outcomes of this study suggest that (1) science competitions should re-envision themselves to more directly address participants' values about studies and careers, especially in earlier competition rounds, and (2) science competitions should find innovative ways to provide detailed feedback to students and teachers to improve post-elimination performance. Our findings complement existing expectancy-value research and can serve as a starting point for future studies exploring mechanisms behind early elimination in different science domains and cultural contexts, providing empirical insight into creating an inclusive and supportive environment for all science competition competitors. 相似文献
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Scheunemann Anne Schnettler Theresa Bobe Julia Fries Stefan Grunschel Carola 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2022,37(4):1141-1164
Student dropout is a multi-causal process. Different theoretical models on student dropout consider dysfunctional study behavior (e.g., academic procrastination) and low study satisfaction as possible determinants of students’ dropout intentions during their university studies. However, these models neglect contemporary conceptualizations that assume reverse relationships between dropout intentions and other determinants of the dropout process. Until now, empirical evidence on these assumptions is scant. The present three-wave longitudinal study explored the reciprocal relationships between academic procrastination, study satisfaction, and dropout intentions over one semester. To this end, we used data of N = 326 undergraduate students enrolled in mathematics and law. Our latent cross-lagged panel model replicated existing empirical cross-sectional findings between the variables (i.e., academic procrastination, study satisfaction, and dropout intentions). Regarding the longitudinal relations, as expected, the cross-lagged effects showed that higher dropout intentions significantly related to subsequent higher academic procrastination and lower study satisfaction. Unexpectedly, academic procrastination did not significantly relate to subsequent dropout intentions. Additionally, higher study satisfaction significantly associated with subsequent higher dropout intentions—possibly due to unfulfilled expectations. Further, higher study satisfaction significantly related to subsequent higher procrastination—possibly due to more confidence among satisfied students. Our results broaden the view on dropout intentions as part of the dynamic interplay of student dropout determinants and the need to refine dropout models’ assumptions accordingly. Practically, realistic expectations seem important to reduce dropout intentions. Further, student counselors should have a closer look at the reasons for academic procrastination to develop individual solutions for this dysfunctional behavior.
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Teachers’ work in tuition‐free (non‐classroom) time was investigated to see to what degree teachers do work that could be considered as qualifying for the status of professional autonomy. The question arises in Sweden and elsewhere as both teachers and the state actively, and in tandem, strive to professionalise the work of the teacher. Abbott’s work on the division of expert labour is taken as a point of departure. Based on data collected by an organisation sampling method, the article describes what teachers do in their tuition‐free time. The study data consist of 1166 reports from 59 Swedish teachers’ daily work situations in school years 1–12. Qualifying teacher work is related to teachers’ ways of handling divergent cases, discretionary work and problem solving. Situations where teachers can use specific professional knowledge are described. One of the main findings is that in 22.2% of the situations studied, such professional knowledge can be applied. This corresponds to at least 7.5 hours of the Swedish teachers’ weekly working hours; with the reservation that 10 hours of teachers’ weekly 45 hours working time is not examined. This time corresponds roughly with the non‐regulated working time, that is, time when the teachers do not have to be at school. 相似文献