Getting What You Pay For: Children's Use of Market Norms to Regulate Exchanges     

Margaret Echelbarger  Susan A. Gelman  Charles W. Kalish 《Child development》2019,90(6):2071-2085

Children are sensitive to a number of considerations influencing distributions of resources, including equality, equity, and reciprocity. We tested whether children use a specific type of reciprocity norm—market norms—in which resources are distributed differentially based strictly on amount offered in return. In two studies, 195 children 5–10 years and 60 adults distributed stickers to friends offering same or different amounts of money. Overall, participants distributed more equally when offers were the same and more unequally when offers were different. Although sensitive to why friends offered different amounts of money, children increasingly incorporated market norms into their distributions with age, as the oldest children and adults distributed more to those offering more, irrespective of the reasons provided.  相似文献   

Teaching the partial products algorithm with the concrete representational abstract sequence and the strategic instruction model     

Margaret M. Flores  Alexcia J. Moore  Jill M. Meyer 《Psychology in the schools》2020,57(6):946-958

Elementary standards include multiplication of single-digit numbers and students advance to solve complex problems and demonstrate procedural fluency in algorithms. The ability to illustrate procedural fluency in algorithms is dependent on the development of understanding and reasoning in multiplication. Development of multiplicative reasoning provides the foundation for advanced mathematics and algebraic reasoning. For students who struggle in mathematics, instruction in multiplication algorithms should ensure conceptual understanding so that students have a foundation for success in advanced mathematics. The concrete representational abstract (CRA) sequence addresses conceptual understanding and the strategic instruction model (SIM) supports procedural knowledge. The current pilot study combined these methods to teach elementary students the partial products algorithm. Twelve students in grades four and five participated in the study, receiving instruction from teachers in their school during an intervention period. Within a pre-experimental design, using pre- and postintervention data, students showed a significant change in performance. The article will describe and show how teachers implemented the CRA-SIM interventions and discuss implications for practice.  相似文献   

Writing across the academic languages: introduction     

Silliman  Elaine R.  Bahr  Ruth Huntley  Wilkinson  Louise C. 《Reading and writing》2020,33(1):1-11

Reading and Writing -  相似文献   

The effects of mid-flight whole-body and trunk rotation on landing mechanics: implications for anterior cruciate ligament injuries     

Meghan L. Critchley  Daniel J. Davis  Michaela M. Keener  Jacob S. Layer  Margaret A. Wilson  Qin Zhu 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2020,19(4):421-437

ABSTRACT

The purpose was to quantify the effects of mid-flight whole-body and trunk rotation on knee mechanics in a double-leg landing. Eighteen male and 20 female participants completed a jump-landing-jump task in five conditions: no rotation, testing leg ipsilateral or contralateral (WBRC) to the whole-body rotation direction, and testing leg ipsilateral (TRI) or contralateral to the trunk rotation direction. The WBRC and TRI conditions demonstrated decreased knee flexion and increased knee abduction angles at initial contact (2.6 > Cohen’s dz > 0.3) and increased peak vertical ground reaction forces and knee adduction moments during the 100 ms after landing (1.7 > Cohen’s dz > 0.3). The TRI condition also showed the greatest knee internal rotation angles at initial contact and peak knee abduction and internal rotation angles and peak knee extension moments during the 100 ms after landing (2.0 > Cohen’s dz > 0.5). Whole-body rotation increased contralateral knee loading because of its primary role in decelerating medial-lateral velocities. Trunk rotation resulted in the greatest knee loading for the ipsilateral knee due to weight shifting and mechanical coupling between the trunk and lower extremities. These findings may help understand altered trunk motion in anterior cruciate ligament injuries.  相似文献   

Bibliometrics and Research Evaluation: Uses and Abuses,     

Jaci Wilkinson 《Journal of Web Librarianship》2018,12(1)

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Are quiz-games an effective revision tool in Anatomical Sciences for Higher Education and what do students think of them?     

Kate Wilkinson  George Dafoulas  Hemda Garelick  Christian Huyck 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2020,51(3):761-777

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Instruction in secondary cotaught classrooms: Three elements,two teachers,one unique approach     

Margaret P. Weiss  Wendy J. Rodgers 《Psychology in the schools》2020,57(6):959-972

Coteaching is a widely used service delivery model for students with disabilities who access the general curriculum. Instruction in cotaught classrooms is meant to be qualitatively different from instruction in solo-taught classrooms; however, this is not always the case. In this article, we describe a framework for thinking about and planning instruction in cotaught classrooms that includes evidence-based practices from special education and specially designed instruction. Examples are included and discussed.  相似文献   

A women's scientific society in the west. The late eighteenth-century assimilation of science     

Jacob MC  Sturkenboom D 《Isis; an international review devoted to the history of science and its cultural influences》2003,94(2):217-252

The Natuurkundig Genootschap der Dames (Women's Society for Natural Knowledge), formally established by and for women, met regularly from 1785 to 1881 and sporadically until 1887. It challenges our stereotypes both of women and the physical sciences during the eighteenth century and of the intellectual interests open to women in the early European republics. This essay aims not simply to identify the society and its members but to describe their pursuits and consider what their story adds to the history of Western science. What does this society's existence tell us about the relationship between women and early science in general and about science and society in the Dutch setting in particular? Science and gender look rather different when observed through the activities of the immensely prosperous women of Middelburg, citizens of one of the most highly literate Western countries. The elite lives of the first-generation members of the women's society also offer us a glimpse into the early domestication of science, a process vital to its acceptance and assimilation.  相似文献   

Modelling Populations: Pearson and Fisher on Mendelism and Biometry     

Morrison  Margaret 《The British journal for the philosophy of science》2002,53(1):39-68

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Trust: the power that binds in team supervision of doctoral students     

Margaret J. Robertson 《高等教育研究与发展》2017,36(7):1463-1475

Team supervision of doctoral students adds new dimensions and complexities to relationships within the teams that impact functionality of the team. Trust emerged as a significant theme in recent qualitative research into the quality of team supervision of doctoral students. Trust was cited as a key component in successful team collaborations, and the missing component in dysfunctional teams. Definitions refer to trust as the belief of truthfulness, reliability or faith in another person’s abilities. My hypothesis is that trust operates as a form of power in team supervision. It is a form of power that enables voice, resilience and creativity in teams. This article concludes that placing trust in others in supervisory teams is a deliberate decision by candidates and supervisors. It is a decision to engage in a team context despite known risks and may be understood as a gamble on the reliability of others in the expectation of reciprocity. By conceptualising trust as a form of power, strategies that engender and maintain trust may be utilised more intentionally.  相似文献