Could knee joint mechanics during the golf swing be contributing to chronic knee injuries in professional golfers?     

Howie Carson  Jim Richards  Simon G. S. Coleman 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(13):1575-1584

ABSTRACT

Full three-dimensional movements and external moments in golfers’ knees and the possible involvement in injuries have not been evaluated using motion capture at high sample frequencies. This study measured joint angles and external moments around the three anatomical axes in both knees of 10 professional golfers performing golf drives whilst standing on two force plates in a motion capture laboratory. Significant differences were found in the knee joint moments between the lead and trail limbs for the peak values and throughout all stages during the swing phase. A significantly higher net abduction moment impulse was seen in the trail limb compared with the lead limb (?0.518 vs. ?0.135 Nms.kg^?1), indicating greater loading over the whole swing, which could contribute to knee lateral compartment or anterior cruciate ligament injuries. A significant correlation (r = ?0.85) between clubhead speed at ball contact and maximum joint moment was found, with the largest correlations being found for joint moments at the top of the backswing event and at the end of the follow-through. Therefore, although knee moments can contribute to high clubhead speeds, the large moments and impulses suggest that they may also contribute to chronic knee injuries or exacerbate existing conditions.  相似文献   

Organizational effectiveness in education: Its measurement and enhancement     

Peter Coleman 《Interchange》1972,3(1):42-52

This study is concerned with the nature of organizational goals, and ways of measuring goal achievement. It is intended to provide administrators with some new ways of conceptualizing the evalution of effectiveness in educational systems. The paper points out the desirability of involving professionals in the setting of goals, proposes a three-tier system of goals for educational systems, and suggests some of the reasons for the frequent failure to achieve organizational goals. Additionally, a comprehensive approach to the goals of organizations, adapted from Gross's matrix of purposes, is proposed, on the grounds that only such an inclusive approach to organizational goals is entirely satisfactory. Finally, the paper takes issue with the notion that freedom for organization members equals absence of organizational controls. The sense of power for organization members increases with participation in control, as does effectiveness. Thus, particularly for organizations with large numbers of professionals as members, it is not absence of control but rather participation in control that is the vital factor in both freedom and effectiveness. The final conclusion of the paper is that attempts to improve the effectiveness of educational systems or institutions must be in the future more inclusive, and that the matrix of purposes approach is one possible line of development.

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Résumé Cette étude porte sur la nature des objectifs des plans d'organisation et des méthodes servant à mesurer le degré de réussite dans la poursuite de ces objectifs. L'auteur se propose de fournir aux administrateurs un certain nombre de nouveaux critères pour concevoir l'évaluation de l'efficacité des systèmes éducatifs. Soulignant l'opportunité de confier à des professionnels l'établissement des objectifs, cette étude propose un système à trois paliers et tente d'expliquer les échecs fréquents auxquels aboutissent les objectifs des plans d'organisation. Par ailleurs, en ce qui concerne les objectifs des organisations, elle propose une attitude globale adaptée de l'étude de Gross intitulée matrix of purposes (matrice des objectifs), étant donné qu'une telle attitude est la seule qui soit satisfaisante à tous points de vue. Enfin l'auteur dénonce la notion selon laquelle la liberté accordée aux membres des organisations équivaut à une absence de contrôle sur ces dernières. En participant au contrôle de leurs organisations, les membres prennent en effet de plus en plus conscience de leur pouvoir et l'efficacité s'en trouve accrue. C'est ainsi que lorsqu'il s'agit, en particulier, d'organisations comptant de nombreux membres des professions libérales, ce n'est pas l'absence de contrôle mais plutôt la participation au contrôle qui représente le facteur capital à la fois de la liberté et de l'efficacité. En conclusion finale, cette étude affirme qu'à l'avenir, les tentatives d'amélioration des systèmes éducatifs ou des institutions devront avoir un caractère plus global et que la matrice des objectifs représente l'une des méthodes possibles à adopter dans ce domaine.

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Recruiting the graduate voice: informing higher education initiatives to underpin an emerging,veterinary paraprofession in Australia     

Patricia Clarke  Joerg Henning  Glen Coleman  Daniel Schull 《Journal of Vocational Education & Training》2019,71(1):126-152

In Australia, the inception of veterinary technology, as a higher education discipline underpinning an emerging, mid-tier paraveterinary field, reflected global trends for more highly educated veterinary paraprofessionals to meet changing societal demands. In this study, veterinary technology graduates were surveyed about their experiences in the workforce and reflections on their education. Seeking feedback on how well a new programme has prepared graduates for the workforce is a useful quality assurance tool. Clinical veterinary practice was the primary employment sector with the majority of respondents in full-time employment. Career advancement, professional recognition and salaries were identified as key career challenges. The important roles of the veterinary and veterinary nursing professions, the university, government and graduates in the development of this mid-tier, veterinary paraprofession were elucidated. Graduates’ feedback on criteria that underpinned ‘work-readiness’ revealed seven key domains: communication skills, research skills, knowledge, critical thinking/problem-solving, employability, practical skills and professionalism. Veterinary nursing skills, work placement, practice management and production animal health were flagged as areas for curricular improvement. This study illuminated facilitators and barriers critical to establishing a mid-tier veterinary paraprofession, bridging the divide between the vocational and higher education sectors in Australia.

Abbreviations: AUD: Australian dollar; AVA: Australian Veterinary Association; AVBC: Australasian Veterinary Boards Council; AVMA: American Veterinary Medical Association; BVNA: British Veterinary Nursing Association; CSU: Charles Sturt University; DAF: Department of Agriculture and Fisheries; FWC: Fair Work Commission; GCA: Graduate Careers Australia; HE: Higher Education; NHMRC: National Health and Medical Research Council; QLD: Queensland; RCVS: Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons; UK: United Kingdom; UQ: University of Queensland; VN: Veterinary nursing; VNCA: Veterinary Nurses Council of Australia; VSB: Veterinary Surgeons Board; VT: Veterinary technology; WIL: Work-integrated learning.  相似文献   

Android arete: Toward a virtue ethic for computational agents     

Kari Gwen Coleman 《Ethics and Information Technology》2001,3(4):247-265

Traditional approaches to computer ethics regard computers as tools, andfocus, therefore, on the ethics of their use. Alternatively, computer ethicsmight instead be understood as a study of the ethics of computationalagents, exploring, for example, the different characteristics and behaviorsthat might benefit such an agent in accomplishing its goals. In this paper,I identify a list of characteristics of computational agents that facilitatetheir pursuit of their end, and claim that these characteristics can beunderstood as virtues within a framework of virtue ethics. This frameworkincludes four broad categories – agentive, social, environmental, and moral– each of which can be understood as a spectrum of virtues rangingbetween two extreme subcategories. Although the use of a virtue frameworkis metaphorical rather than literal, I argue that by providing a frameworkfor identifying and critiquing assumptions about what a `good' computer is,a study of android arete provides focus and direction to the developmentof future computational agents.  相似文献   

A Reply to Walford     

James S. Coleman 《牛津教育评论》2013,39(2):155-159

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Landing techniques in volleyball     

Lobietti R  Coleman S  Pizzichillo E  Merni F 《Journal of sports sciences》2010,28(13):1469-1476

Knee injuries such as anterior cruciate ligament lesions and patellar tendonitis are very frequent in volleyball, and are often attributed to micro traumas that occur during the landing phase of airborne actions. The aim of the present study was to compare different jumping activities during official men's and women's volleyball games. Twelve top-level matches from the Italian men's and women's professional leagues were analysed. The jumps performed during the games were classified according to the landing technique used by the player (left or right foot or both feet together), court position, and ball trajectory. Chi-square analyses were performed to detect differences in landing techniques between the sexes, court positions, and trajectories when serving, attacking, blocking, and setting. Significant differences (P?相似文献   

Producing an information leaflet to help patients access high quality drug information on the Internet: a local study     

Coleman B 《Health information and libraries journal》2003,20(3):160-171

Objectives: To develop a patient information leaflet (PIL) to help local patients meet their drug information needs using the Internet, and to perform a preliminary evaluation of this tool. Methods: Development—a cross‐sectional survey of the drug information needs of local patients using a semi‐structured questionnaire; assessment of websites offering free, consumer‐orientated medicines information using set criteria; identification of consensus criteria to evaluate the quality of health‐related on‐line information; evaluation—views on a draft patient information leaflet from a focus group. Results: Those surveyed felt that being directed to high‐quality websites and being provided with assessment criteria for on‐line information would be useful. The three websites fulfilling most of the set quality criteria were Surgery Door ( www.surgerydoor.co.uk ), InteliHealth ( www.intelihealth.com ) and medline plus ( www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus ). The six most frequently cited assessment criteria were currency, authorship, commerciality, relevance, links and attribution. A draft leaflet was constructed listing the above three websites and six criteria along with tips on how to search the Internet effectively. A focus group reacted favourably. Conclusion: The Internet is a source of drug information—an information leaflet may help to guide local patients through its variable information quality.  相似文献   

Comment on Lambert and Hartsough (1998)     

Mick E  Biederman J  Faraone SV 《Journal of learning disabilities》2000,33(4):314; author reply 314-314; author reply 316

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The effect of two different 18-week walking programmes on aerobic fitness, selected blood lipids and factor XIIa     

Woolf-May K  Kearney EM  Jones DW  Davison RC  Coleman D  Bird SR 《Journal of sports sciences》1998,16(8):701-710

Forty-nine previously sedentary or low active individuals aged 40-71 years were allocated to three groups. The long walking group participated in an 18-week walking programme which consisted of walks lasting 20-40 min; the repetitive short walking group completed walks of between 10 and 15 min, up to three times a day, with no less than 120 min between each walk; and the control group maintained their low level of activity. Both walking programmes began at a prescribed 60 min x week(-1), which increased steadily up to 200 min x week(-1) by week 12. During the study, the long walking group walked for an estimated 2514 min (139 min x week(-1)), expending an estimated 67.5 MJ (3.72 MJ x week(-1)) at an estimated 73% of their age-predicted maximum heart rate and 68% of their estimated VO2max. The repetitive short walking group walked for an estimated 2476 min (135 min x week(-1)), expending an estimated 58.5 MJ (3.17 MJ x week(-1)) at an estimated 71% of their age-predicted maximum heart rate and 65% of their estimated VO2max. The results showed a statistically significant reduction in heart rate during a standardized step test (pre- vs post-intervention) in both walking groups, indicating an improvement in aerobic fitness, although the control group showed a higher average heart rate during the post-intervention test, indicating reduced fitness. When compared with the male subjects pre-intervention, the females possessed more favourable levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (P< 0.001), apolipoprotein (apo) AI (P < 0.001) and ratios of total cholesterol:HDL cholesterol (P< 0.02) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol: HDL cholesterol (P< 0.02). Compared with the controls post-intervention, the walking groups showed no statistically significant changes in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, apo AI, apo AII, apo B, or the ratios of total cholesterol: HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol: HDL cholesterol, apo AI: apo B or apo AI: apo AII (P > 0.05). Relative to the walking groups, factor XIIa increased in the control group (P < 0.05). We conclude that, although both walking programmes appeared to improve aerobic fitness, there was no evidence of improvements in the blood lipids or associated apolipoproteins of the walking groups. Further analysis indicated that this apparent lack of change may have been related to the subjects' relatively good pre-intervention blood lipid profiles, which restricted the potential for change. The implications of the observed changes in the coagulation/fibrinolytic factors remain unclear.  相似文献   

Parts do not make a whole. Lumping expertise into one whole     

Laurence J. Coleman 《High Ability Studies》2007,18(1):63-64

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