This article explores three aspects regarding the supporting of teaching and learning through ICT. First, the use and value of storyboarding as a preferable technique prior to the creation of a pupil‐authored CD‐ROM by children aged 9 and 14. Second, responses to the innovation by practising teachers. Third, lessons learned from trying to incorporate the CD‐ROM within UK teacher training. The article ends with suggestions regarding future ICT training approaches. The content of the CD‐ROM was centred on environmental education and the use of local wildlife sites in the UK. In summary, the paper suggests that there are considerable learning gains to be had from enabling children to create their own multimedia sequences but that institutional constraints make these difficult to achieve. School‐based teacher education in the UK currently restricts the opportunity for experimentation and innovation, which, in turn, impacts on the full potential of teaching and learning through ICT.
Cet article explore trois facettes de la question du soutien que les technologies de l'information et de la communication apportent à l'enseignement et à l'apprentissage. Premièrement, l'utilisation et la contribution des scénarimages comme technique préalable préférable à la réalisation d'un CD ROM par des élèves âgés de 9 à 14 ans. Deuxièmement, les réactions des professeurs en exercice vis‐à‐vis de cette innovation. Troisièmement, les leçons tirées des tentatives d'incorporation des CD ROMS dans la formation des profs au Royaume‐Uni. L'article se termine par des suggestions concernant l'approche future de la formation aux technologies de la communication et de l'information. Le contenu du CD ROM était centré sur l'éducation environnementale et l'utilisation des sites de la vie sauvage locale au Royaume –Uni. En résumé, l'article suggère qu'il existe de véritables bénéfices pour l'apprentissage, à donner la possibilité aux enfants de créer leurs propres séquences multimédia mais que les contraintes institutionnelles rendent cela difficile à réaliser. Le système anglais de la formation des professeurs, basée sur les stages en école, réduit la possibilité d'innover. En retour, cela a un impact sur le potentiel total de l'enseignement et l'apprentissage à travers les technologies de l'information et de la communication.
Este artículo explora tres aspectos referentes a la contribución de la tecnología de comunicación e información a la enseñanza y el aprendizaje. En primer lugar, el uso y valor de la invención de historias como técnica previa a la creación de un CD‐ROM cuyos autores son alumnos de 9 a 14 años. En segundo lugar, las respuestas que algunos profesores en ejercicio dieron a tal innovación. Por último, las conclusiones extraídas tras intentar incorporar el CD‐ROM a la formación del profesorado en el Reino Unido. El artículo termina con sugerencias relativas al posible enfoque para el aprendizaje de la tecnología de comunicación e información en el futuro. El contenido del CD‐ROM estaba basado en la educación medioambiental y el uso de las reservas naturales en el Reino Unido. En resumen, el trabajo sugiere que existen ventajas educativas importantes para los alumnos al poder crear sus propias secuencias multimedia, pero las restricciones institucionales dificultan su obtención. La formación del profesorado en el Reino Unido, basado en la experiencia escolar, limita en la actualidad las oportunidades de éste para experimentar e innovar, lo que, a su vez, repercute en el pleno potencial de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje a través de la tecnología de comunicación e información.
Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit drei Aspekten des Lehrens und Lernens bzgl. deren Erweiterung durch Einbeziehung von Informationstechnologie (Informatik). Erstens: Anwendung und Wert eines ‘Drehplans’ als bevorzugte Methode. Der ‘Drehplan’ gilt als Vorbereitung für eine CD‐ROM, welche von den Autoren, Schülern im Alter von 9 und 14 Jahren, selbst gestaltet wird. Zweitens: Reaktionen auf die Innovation seitens praktizierender Lehrer. Drittens: Erfahrungen aus Versuchen, die CD‐ROM in der britischen Lehrerausbildung einzusetzen. Der Artikel schließt mit Vorschlägen, wie man in Zukunft das Training in Informationstechnologie einführen könnte. Inhaltlich konzentriert sich die CD‐ROM einerseits auf Umwelterziehung (im allgemeinen und im globalen Sinn), andererseits auf Nutzung und Benutzung von Naturschutzgebieten in britischen Orten. In der Zusammenfassung wird dargelegt, dass Kinder zwar beträchtlich profitieren, wenn sie zur Erstellung selbst kreierter multimedialer Sequenzen angeregt werden, dies jedoch im beschränkten schulischen Rahmen nur schwer zu erreichen ist. Die britische, in der Schule stattfindende Lehrerausbildung schränkt gegenwärtig Chancen zum Experimentieren und Innovieren ein, was sich, umgekehrt, auf das gesamte Lehr‐ und Lernpotential im Bereich der Informationstechnologie auswirkt. 相似文献
In recent decades reading research has moved from predominantly quantitative work to more qualitative studies in which individual readers are observed in interaction with texts. Considerable differences have been found in the strategies employed by these readers, especially by those of different social and cultural backgrounds. These diverse strategies can be partly attributed to the different processes by which people learn to read and through the different ways in which they see written texts used in their own social environments; the contrasting situations and strategies of Japanese and Nigerian readers are used to illustrate the point. If teachers are to deal effectively with readers of various cultural backgrounds—as they must do in ESL and EFL classes—they need to know more about such contrasts; more work is therefore needed on the relationship between the literacy practices of cultural communities and the reading strategies of particular individuals. 相似文献
Concerns that students increasingly come to tertiary studies ill‐prepared for academic pursuit in the disciplines have generated a broad range of supplementary tuition in Australian Universities during the past decade. Many researchers and tertiary teachers have from experience realized that tertiary learning skills are very much context‐, or discipline‐specific. This paper is concerned with making context‐specific expectations known to students through a process of ‘showing how’, rather than ‘telling what’. Two highly specialized teaching structures were used to generate appropriate questions for students, thereby providing parameters for their search and research and ultimately, their writing in the discipline. 相似文献
This paper reports on a small-scale study of the social interactions between six children labelled with special educational needs and their peers in their respective early years settings. Data from play observations, photographs and staff interviews is used to examine the dynamics of the connections that they make with other children. The position of these six children as active agents in making decisions about their peer interactions is highlighted and the ways that this agency is expressed is analysed. By focusing on the personal strategies that the children use to make social connections the findings contribute to the developing understanding of children's relationships within inclusive early years settings. In particular compatible play interests and personalities are identified as significant factors that attract children to one another in this case study. It also emerged that recurrent playmates did not feature consistently in the social exchanges involving this group of children. This factor is considered in the context of it being indicative of the social connections that children labelled with special educational needs pursue. Suggestions for further investigation are proposed and key practice messages offered around developing awareness and facilitation of social connections between children. 相似文献
It is a recurrent feature of the history of political thought that thinkers have turned their attention to education. Some have been concerned with the reproduction of a political culture through education. Others have sought to redress the failings of present generations by re-educating future citizens. A broad distinction is drawn between 'constructive' political education which takes human nature as given and aims to redirect pupils to new priorities and 'reconstructive' education which tries to effect a transformation of the mind-set and produce new persons. Constructive theories include early utilitarians, conservatives such as Oakeshott and modern democratic realists. Examples of reconstructive theories are communitarians, such as Rousseau and participatory democrats, including J. S. Mill and Dewey. The article concludes with a discussion of attempts, such as that by Rawls, to educate for political neutrality. 相似文献
This meta-analysis investigated the maturation-related pattern of adaptations to resistance training in boy athletes. We included studies examining the effects of 4–16-week resistance training programmes in healthy boy athletes aged 10–18 years. Pooled estimates of effect size for change in strength across all studies (n = 19) were calculated using the inverse–variance random effects model for meta-analyses. Estimates were also calculated for groups based on likely biological maturity status (“before”, “during” and “after” peak height velocity). Using the standardised mean difference, resistance training increased strength across all groups (effect size = 0.98, [CI: 0.70–1.27]). Strength gains were larger during (1.11 [0.67–1.54]) and after (1.01 [0.56–1.46]) peak height velocity than before (0.5 [?0.06–1.07]). Adaptations to resistance training are greater in adolescent boys during or after peak height velocity. These findings should help coaches to optimise the timing of training programmes that are designed to improve strength in boy athletes. 相似文献
Equations for the calculation of radiant power F through two apertures in series are well known. A characteristic of these formulae is that they give F as a small difference between two large terms. Evidently, the flux through the apertures must decrease as the spacing between them increases; and for large spacing, the inverse-square relation must hold. Instead of exhibiting this behaviour in an obvious manner, however, the traditional equations give the specious impression of an increase in F with increase in spacing. The paper develops an approximate formulae that applies to apertures in the shape of any regular polygon and that shows clearly how the inverse square relation is approached for large separation. 相似文献
This paper completes our treatment of radiant flux through pairs of apertures. In Part II, we obtained approximate equations for rectangular apertures in parallel planes, with the restriction that two apertures be identical and that one be directly above the other. Here we generalize to the case of any apertures that fit into a rectangular grid. The idea for this generalization originated with Ondracek but it is here expressed in matrix notation, which allows coefficients Fij to be obtained rather simply. 相似文献
