Determination of peak cardiorespiratory fitness parameters in children: which averaging method should we use?     

Joel Blanchard  Samuel Blais  Philippe Chetaille  Michele Bisson  François P. Counil  Thelma H. Girard 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(11):1265-1269

The purpose of this study was to identify which averaging methods most accurately measures peak cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) parameters [peak O₂ uptake (VO₂), peak O₂pulse and peak respiratory exchange ratio (RER)] in a sample of healthy children and adolescents. In this cross-sectional multicenter study, we recruited 278 healthy children aged 12–17 years. We compared the mean peak value of three CRF parameters using the recommended averaging methods (30-second block average) with alternative averaging methods such as moving averages or shorter smoothing periods. We also assessed averaging methods for accuracy by individually reviewing breath-by-breath scatter plots. The 30-second block average method resulted in a lower mean peak VO₂ and in an increased proportion of underestimated peak values. Using a 30-second moving average significantly increased mean peak values which increased accuracy. Similar results were found for peak RER and peak O₂pulse. In conclusion, the currently recommended averaging method (30-second block average) increased the risk of misinterpretation of peak CRF values in children. Using a moving average approach decreased misinterpretation and increased accuracy.  相似文献   

Understanding the emergence and deployment of “nano” S&T     

Barry Bozeman  Philippe Laredo 《Research Policy》2007,36(6):807-812

As an introduction to the special issue on “emerging nanotechnologies”, this paper puts in perspective contemporary debates and challenges about nanotechnology. It presents an overview of diverse analyses and expectations about this presumably revolutionary set of technological, scientific and industrial developments. Three main lines of argument can then be delineated: first of all, the degree of cumulativeness of science and technologies and the respective roles of newcomers and incumbents in the industrial dynamics; second the knowledge dynamics in nanotechnologies, especially the linkages by science and technology and third the role of institutions (network, geographic agglomeration and job market). It finally discusses methodologies to delineate the field of nanotechnologies and to collect data.  相似文献   

Correlates of sexual abuse and smoking among French adults     

King G  Guilbert P  Ward DG  Arwidson P  Noubary F 《Child abuse & neglect》2006,30(6):709-723

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to examine the association between sexual abuse (SA) and initiation, cessation, and current cigarette smoking among a large representative adult population in France. METHOD: A random sample size of 12,256 adults (18-75 years of age) was interviewed by telephone concerning demographic variables, health practices and beliefs, and health status--for which SA and tobacco questions were included. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted. RESULTS: Nearly 46% of SA survivors were current smokers compared to 34% of non-abused persons (p<.001). Survivors of SA consumed more cigarettes per day than non-abused individuals (14.5 vs. 12.4, p<.01). Survival analysis showed an increased risk of smoking initiation for respondents abused before 18 (adjusted relative hazard=1.55; p<.0001) with referent to the non-abused group. SA was not found to be a significant predictor of current smoking status among those who began smoking after the first incident of SA. Respondents who were not sexually abused were 1.8 times (95% CI, 1.12-2.99) more likely to quit smoking than people who began smoking after they were sexually abused. CONCLUSIONS: The early identification and treatment of sexually abused persons is critical to decrease smoking among adolescents and adults because of the association of SA with both smoking initiation and decreased cessation rates. It may be more difficult to detect an association between SA and current smoking due to the high rates of smoking and lower rates of quitting among the general French population.  相似文献   

Engaging ADHD students in tasks with hand gestures: a pedagogical possibility for teachers     

Xiao‐lei Wang  Philippe Eberhard 《Educational studies》2004,30(3):217-229

This study examines the effects of teachers' speech and hand gestures on the task performances of students with Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Forty‐five 7½‐year‐old students clinically diagnosed with ADHD participated in the study. The students were asked to solve three sets of puzzles. The teachers supported the students in the tasks by using three different scaffolding modalities: speech‐only, gesture‐only and speech in conjunction with gestures. The results indicate that when the teachers used the scaffolding that contained gesture components (either speech scaffolding in conjunction with gesture scaffolding or gesture‐only scaffolding), the ADHD students were more responsive, focused longer on the tasks and were more successful in completing the tasks. Moreover, teachers' representational and deictic gestures were found to be the most effective gestures in scaffolding. This study suggests that when teachers' hand gestures are used together with speech, they are a powerful pedagogical means to engage ADHD children in tasks.  相似文献   

Conceptualising the heterogeneity of research-based spin-offs: A multi-dimensional taxonomy   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Philippe Mustar  Marie Renault  Evila Piva  Andy Lockett  Bart Clarysse  Nathalie Moray 《Research Policy》2006,35(2):289-308

Research-based spin-offs (RBSOs) have become an important aspect of the technology transfer process. Emanating from what is conventionally a non-commercial environment, RBSOs pose major challenges if they are to realise their potential to meet the objectives of their founders and the parent research organisations (PROs) from which they emerge. An important issue is to understand the heterogeneity of RBSOs. This paper reviews the literature on RBSO typologies to develop a taxonomy of RBSOs. We identify common themes in relation to these typologies in relation to (1) spin-off creation and (2) spin-off development. The dimensions that differentiate between firms are the type of resources, the business model and the institutional link. We identify gaps in current typologies in order to propose avenues for future conceptual and empirical research.  相似文献   

Towards methodologies for building Knowledge-Based Instructional Systems     

Philippe Duchastel 《Instructional Science》1991,20(5-6):349-358

This paper examines the processes involved in building instructional applications that are based in artificial intelligence (AI) and hypermedia (HM) technologies. It seeks to define an initial methodology to capture these processes in a systematic manner, thus laying the foundations for the emergence of an ISD-like technology of design in the field of intelligent tutoring and advanced technologies. The joint consideration of AI and HM technologies in this respect is deliberate, for even if each appears to favour somewhat different instructional strategies from the other (Duchastel, 1990; 1991), the two technologies are nevertheless merging into integrated knowledge-based systems within the scope of computer-hosted training (McAleese, 1991).This section was introduced in Volume 16, No. 2, for such purposes as: rapid publication of summaries of work in progress (normally in the issue following receipt); outlines of projects or research themes in particular institutions; short papers expressing a strongly-held view or highlighting gaps in the literature; and conventional letters to the editor. We reserve the right to reject submissions or to require changes before publication.  相似文献   

Skating start propulsion: three-dimensional kinematic analysis of elite male and female ice hockey players     

Jaymee R. Shell  Shawn M. K. Robbins  Philippe C. Dixon  Philippe J. Renaud  René A. Turcotte  Tom Wu 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2017,16(3):313-324

The forward skating start is a fundamental skill for male and female ice hockey players. However, performance differences by athlete’s sex cannot be fully explained by physiological variables; hence, other factors such as skating technique warrant examination. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the body movement kinematics of ice hockey skating starts between elite male and female ice hockey participants. Male (n = 9) and female (n = 10) elite ice hockey players performed five forward skating start accelerations. An 18-camera motion capture system placed on the arena ice surface captured full-body kinematics during the first seven skating start steps within 15 meters. Males’ maximum skating speeds were greater than females. Skating technique sex differences were noted: in particular, females presented ~10° lower hip abduction throughout skating stance as well as ~10° greater knee extension at initial ice stance contact, conspicuously followed by a brief cessation in knee extension at the moment of ice contact, not evident in male skaters. Further study is warranted to explain why these skating technique differences exist in relation to factors such as differences in training, equipment, performance level, and anthropometrics.  相似文献   

A Competition that Shook European Football: The Origins of the European Champion Clubs’ Cup, 1954–1955     

Philippe Vonnard 《Sport in History》2016,36(2)

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A relational vector space model using an advanced weighting scheme for image retrieval     

Jean Martinet  Yves Chiaramella  Philippe Mulhem 《Information processing & management》2011

In this paper, we lay out a relational approach for indexing and retrieving photographs from a collection. The increase of digital image acquisition devices, combined with the growth of the World Wide Web, requires the development of information retrieval (IR) models and systems that provide fast access to images searched by users in databases. The aim of our work is to develop an IR model suited to images, integrating rich semantics for representing this visual data and user queries, which can also be applied to large corpora.  相似文献   

The European university landscape: A micro characterization based on evidence from the Aquameth project   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Cinzia Daraio  Andrea BonaccorsiAldo Geuna  Benedetto LeporiLaurent Bach  Peter BogetoftMargarida F. Cardoso  Elena Castro-MartinezGustavo Crespi  Ignacio Fernandez de LucioHarold Fried  Adela Garcia-AracilAnnamaria Inzelt  Ben JongbloedGerhard Kempkes  Patrick LlerenaMireille Matt  Maria OlivaresCarsten Pohl  Tarmo RatyMaria J. Rosa  Cláudia S. SarricoLéopold Simar  Stig SlipersaeterPedro N. Teixeira  Philippe Vanden Eeckaut 《Research Policy》2011,40(1):148-164

This paper provides a new and systematic characterization of 488 universities, from 11 European countries: Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland and UK. Using micro indicators built on the integrated Aquameth database, we characterize the European university landscape according to the following dimensions: history/foundation of university, dynamics of growth, specialization pattern, subject mix, funding composition, offer profile and productivity.  相似文献