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We analysed the decisions of major European public funding organisations to fund or not to fund synthetic biology (SB) and related ethical, legal and social implication (ELSI) studies. We investigated the reaction of public organisations in six countries (Austria, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland and the U.K.) towards SB that may influence SB's further development in Europe. We examined R&D and ELSI communities and their particular funding situation. Our results show that the funding situation for SB varies considerably among the analysed countries, with the U.K. as the only country with an established funding scheme for R&D and ELSI that successfully integrates these research communities. Elsewhere, we determined a general lack of funding (France), difficulties in funding ELSI work (Switzerland), lack of an R&D community (Austria), too small ELSI communities (France, Switzerland, Netherlands), or difficulties in linking existing communities with available funding sources (Germany), partly due to an unclear SB definition. 相似文献
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This article shows that an awareness of students' use of their own experiences and a consistent promotion of critical literacy skills throughout a child's, adolescent's, and adult's life strengthens awareness of the social, political, economic, and cultural implications of education. The article expands on John Dewey's (1938) theory of experience as the means and goal of education to show that middle school and college graduate students use their different levels of both personal and academic experience to respond to and interpret similar issues in the same text. Specifically, the authors discuss their use of Roald Dahl's (1983) The Witches to show how teachers might approach a children's book as the backdrop for teaching different age groups an increased awareness of gender issues, the effects of stereotyping, and the influence of popular culture on students' lives. They argue that educators need to use creative teaching strategies to provide opportunities for students at all educational levels to expand their literacy skills. The final section of the paper provides possible ways in which teachers can use literary texts at various levels to engage students not only with the material itself but also connect the text with their personal/ professional experiences and their own literacies. 相似文献
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This article deals with the quality of political poll reportsin the Swiss print media. A content analysis of 31 differentpapers reveals that the methodological information given innewspaper articles is more elaborate when papers use variousdevices such as information boxes. When polls are reported thatother papers or organizations financed, methodological informationis scarce. Beyond such formal criteria, a case study shows thataspects of measurement and specification errors must also betaken into account, which are highly relevant in the conceptualizationof polls and within the press-polling connection. Consequently,two different practical suggestions for improvement are outlined:whereas the first is directed at the press and stresses thegraphic possibilities of the print media and the role of newsagencies as important distribution channels, the second refersto pollsters who have to maintain intellectual quality criteriaand can contribute substantially to the improvement of mediareporting by implementing different disclosure practices intheir tables and reports. 相似文献
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Sibylle Gruber Debra Larson David Scott Melvin Neville 《Technical Communication Quarterly》2013,22(4):419-440
In this article, we analyze a two‐semester effort to integrate writing instruction into a multi‐disciplinary sophomore engineering design course in Northern Arizona University's College of Engineering and Technology. Specifically, we describe the programmatic implementation and assessment approach to evaluate whether student writing improved over the course of the semester. After discussing the reasons for taking a writing‐intensive approach to engineering, we analyze the results of a pre‐and post‐test administered over the span of an academic semester. Although the outcome of our assessment did not show significant improvement, we argue that writing instruction is important for increasing students’ overall learning skills. We conclude by pointing out several benefits and disadvantages of trying to assess writing improvement over two one‐semester periods. 相似文献
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Bacchus M. Kazim Eggleston S. J. Nestvogel Renate Sagarra Eda Oxenham John Rittich Regina Ross Kenneth N. Boesch Ernst E. Riedmiller Sibylle Zajda Joseph Hayhoe Ruth Nisbet John Patterson Dawn Marie Jarvis P. Bauer Annemarie Watts A. G. 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1984,30(2):209-232
International Review of Education - 相似文献
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