DOES THE PROGRAMME MATTER? APPROACH AND MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE KASSEL GRADUATE SURVEY     

Harald Schomburg  Ulrich Teichler 《Higher Education in Europe》1993,18(2):37-58

This study attempts to establish the extent to which study programmes and study conditions within selected fields of study vary among institutions of higher education in the Federal Republic of Germany and the extent to which diversification has an impact on the careers and work assignments of graduates. All persons who graduated during the 1983‐1984 and 1984‐1985 academic years in mechanical engineering, economics/business, and social work from seven institutions of higher education were surveyed during their final year of study, again in a longitudinal study two years after graduation, and finally, four to five years after graduation. The authors come to the conclusion that the vertical diversification of higher education in the Federal Republic of Germany has had a less pronounced effect on the careers of graduates, over the last few years, than had been expected. No dominant elements of study programmes and study conditions could be identified which might explain study outcomes, careers, and job assignments.  相似文献   

Graduate Employment: Challenges for Higher Education in the Twenty‐First Century∗     

Ulrich Teichler 《Higher Education in Europe》1997,22(1):75-84

The employment prospects for most higher education graduates worldwide are bleak for a number of reasons including the negative effects of the massification of higher education, rapid technological change, the crisis in the conception of work in highly developed societies, and the neo‐liberal political and economic agenda. A number of survival strategies are proposed to students as well as ways to improve the link between employers and higher education institutions so as to improve the study/future employment match. Students are advised to be flexible, able and willing to innovate, entrepreneurial, proactive, and not only to be willing to take risks but to consider risk and uncertainty as forms of opportunity.

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Equality and excellence. Hegemonic discourses of economisation within the German education system     

Tobias Peter  Ulrich Bröckling 《International Studies in Sociology of Education》2017,26(3):231-247

Looking to conflicting constitutions of education systems through the terms equality and excellence, this paper examines the discursive formation of two political rationalities in the contemporary German education system. While early childhood and primary education discourses are dominated by a terminology of equality, tertiary education institutions such as universities are described using a terminology of excellence that has become a reference point for political interventions and institutional reform processes. Drawing from hegemony theory, governmentality studies and systems theory, this paper analyses the rules of justification referred to by such hegemonic discourses. It presents a policy discourse analysis of strategic, conceptional and institutional texts produced between 2003 and 2010. Through this analysis, the paper suggests that ‘mobilising’ and ‘optimising’ represent the common principles of equality and excellence as economic rationalities.  相似文献   

Graduate Employment and Work in europe: Diverse Situations and Common Perceptions     

Teichler  Ulrich 《Tertiary Education and Management》2002,8(3):199-216

The relationships between higher education and the world of work are viewed, principally, as similar in economically advanced societies. The comparative study `Higher Education and Graduate Employment in Europe', however, indicates substantial differences between European countries as regards transition to employment, as well as the employment and work situation, according to objective and subjective measures. The analysis is based on a survey of more than 30,000 graduates from 10 European countries about 3–4 years after graduation. The findings suggest that only a minority of 10–20% of graduates face substantial problems on the labour market or end up in positions not commensurate with their level of education. There is a clear North-South differential in Europe with respect to transition and objective employment measures, while the pattern is moredifferentiated with respect to the perceivedutilisation of knowledge, the self-ratedadequacy of position and the job satisfaction.  相似文献   

Longitudinal study of preadolescent sport self-concept and performance: reciprocal effects and causal ordering     

Marsh HW  Gerlach E  Trautwein U  Lüdtke O  Brettschneider WD 《Child development》2007,78(6):1640-1656

Do preadolescent sport self-concepts influence subsequent sport performance? Longitudinal data (Grades 3, 4, and 6) for young boys and girls (N= 1,135; mean age = 9.67) were used to test reciprocal effects model (REM) predictions that sport self-concept is both a cause and a consequence of sport accomplishments. Controlling prior sport performance (performance-based measures and teacher assessments), prior sport self-concept had positive effects on subsequent sport performance in both Grade 4 and Grade 6 and for both boys and girls. Coupled with previous REM studies of adolescents in the academic domain, this first test for preadolescents in the sport domain supports the generalizability of REM predictions over gender, self-concept domain, preadolescent ages, and the transition from primary to secondary school.  相似文献   

Automatische und interaktive Stundenplanung     

Ulrich Geske und Hans-Joachim Goltz 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》2004,19(2):65-73

Zusammenfassung. Das System fur die interaktive, automatische Stundenplanung ist im Rahmen der Forschungsarbeiten des Bereichs Planungstechnik und Deklarative Programmierung in Fraunhofer FIRST zur Erweiterung der Constraint-basierten Programmierung entwickelt worden. Mit dem System wird die Stundenplanung der Medizinischen Fakultat Charité seit dem Sommersemester 1998 vorgenommen. Seitdem wurde das System kontinuierlich weiterentwickelt. Der erfolgreiche Einsatz des Systems zeigte, dass die gewahlten Methoden und Verfahren sehr geeignet fur die Behandlung derartiger Probleme sind. Die Vorteile einer kombinierten interaktiven und automatischen Stundenplanerzeugung konnten eindeutig nachgewiesen werden.CR Subject Classification: I.2.8, I.2.3, J.1, K.3.2, D.3.3, D.1.6Eingegangen am 15. März 2003 / Angenommen am 9. März 2004, Online publiziert: 1. Juli 2004  相似文献   

Determinants of proactive and reactive technology licensing: A contingency perspective     

Ulrich Lichtenthaler 《Research Policy》2010,39(1):55-66

Industrial firms increasingly attempt to license their technologies apart from applying them in their own products. Because of the imperfections in technology markets, an active approach towards technology licensing does not automatically result in licensing transactions. To balance prior research, which has focused on licensing transactions as the outcome of licensing intentions, we take a contingency view to analyze how characteristics of a firm's innovation ecosystem determine different strategic types of licensing. Specifically, we distinguish proactive licensing, which refers to identifying recipients for technology transactions, and reactive licensing, which relates to offering licenses to infringers of a firm's intellectual property. Survey data show that environmental antecedents concerning appropriability, i.e., patent protection and technological turbulence, and determinants regarding technology markets, i.e., transaction frequency and competitive intensity, have different effects on proactive and reactive licensing. On this basis, the article has major implications for research into technology licensing, markets for technology, and open innovation.  相似文献   

Learning to be prejudiced: A test of unidirectional and bidirectional models of parent–offspring socialization     

Jos-Miguel Rodríguez-García  Ulrich Wagner 《Int J Intercult Relat》2009,33(6):516-523

According to Allport's (1954) model of socialization of prejudice the level of prejudice of parents and their offspring should co-vary due to the offspring's adaptation to the parents’ attitudes. Available empirical studies and literature reviews support Allport's assumption. Modern models of socialization give reason to extend Allport's unidirectional influence model to a bidirectional perspective which assumes that parents influence their offspring's attitudes and are simultaneously influenced by them. In a cross-sectional study, 408 parent–offspring dyads (64% female parents, 55% female offspring, mean age of children = 16.47 years, SD 1.87, parents = 42.08 years, SD 7.08) from the ethnic majority population in Costa Rica were asked about their prejudice towards immigrants and ethnic minorities in Costa Rica. Using structural equation modelling, unidirectional and bidirectional models of prejudice determination were tested. The data clearly support the unidirectional model of prejudice transmission from parents to offspring, even if moderator effects of sex, age, and importance of contact are taken into account.  相似文献   

On the proper understanding of the limiting behavior of generalizations of the h- and g-indices     

Nees Jan van Eck  Ludo Waltman   《Journal of Informetrics》2009,3(4):369-370

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What characterizes children nominated as gifted by teachers? A closer consideration of working memory and intelligence     

Jessica Kornmann  Ingo Zettler  Yvonne Kammerer  Peter Gerjets  Ulrich Trautwein 《High Ability Studies》2015,26(1):75-92

Teacher nominations are often used in school settings to identify gifted children. However, although high intelligence is part of almost all definitions of giftedness, prior research has consistently shown that not all children nominated as gifted by teachers have high intelligence. In order to further understand the characteristics of these students, we herein explore the role of another cognitive construct, namely working memory (WM). In a sample comprising N = 81 fourth graders, both WM and intelligence showed the same predictive value for characterizing teacher-nominated gifted children, pointing to the importance of the thus-far-unattended WM for characterizing these students.  相似文献