A topography of free kicks in soccer     

Daniel Link  Otto Kolbinger  Hendrik Weber  Michael Stöckl 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(24):2312-2320

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the spatial relationship of performance variables for soccer free kicks. In order to suggest ways in which players might optimise their performance, we collected data from free kicks (<35 m to goal line) of two German Bundesliga seasons (2013/14, 2014/15) (n = 1624). In the analysis, we applied the ISO-map approach using colour gradients to visualise the mean values of a variable on a 2D-map of the pitch. Additionally, variograms were used to describe the degree of spatial dependence of the free kick variables. Results show that DENSITY, TYPE OF PLAY, PLAYERS IN WALL, DISTANCE TO WALL and RULE VIOLATION were strongly spatially dependent. Centrality and proximity to the goal increased the variables PLAYERS IN WALL, RULE VIOLATIONS and INTERRUPTION TIME, and the ratio of goals scored increased from 5.9% (central far) to 10.9% (central near). In 70.9% of the shots, players preferred a switched laterality, which did not result in a higher success rate. Furthermore, there was no statistical advantage for the defensive team when DISTANCE TO WALL was below 9.15 m or when there was a RULE VIOLATION. Crosses had a success rate (i.e., first controlled ball contact after the cross) of 20.8%. Played with natural laterality, they were 5% more successful than with switched laterality. Crosses from the right side outside the penalty box were 10% more successful than from the left side. Therefore, it might be worthwhile practising the defence of balls coming from this side.  相似文献   

Triadic interaction in clinical task-based interviews with mathematics teachers     

Boris Koichu  Guershon Harel 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2007,65(3):349-365

A clinical task-based interview can be seen as a situation where the interviewer–interviewee interaction on a task is regulated by a system of explicit and implicit norms, values, and rules. This paper describes how documenting and mapping triadic interaction among the interviewer, the interviewee, and the knowledge negotiated can be used to increase procedural replicability of the interview and accuracy of drawn conclusions about the interviewee’s thinking process. Excerpts from interviews with 25 inservice mathematics teachers working on a task to make up a problem whose solution requires division of two fractions are discussed. The excerpts illustrate the relationship between methodological decisions taken by the interviewer during the interview and the applicability of the interview output to the research questions. A divergent analysis of the interviews with these teachers, which spanned over two years and were conducted by four interviewers, is used to offer a framework for analyzing data collected in clinical task-based interviews.  相似文献   

Modeling problem solving inquiry processes     

Paul B. Otto 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》1991,2(2):37-39

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Otto Rauh 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》1995,10(3):128-138

Zusammenfassung. Traditionelle und deduktive Informationssysteme werden heute immer noch isoliert voneinander modelliert und implementiert. Für die meisten Benutzer sind jedoch Systeme wichtig, die ihren allt?glichen Informationsbedarf decken und darüber hinaus deduktive F?higkeiten besitzen. Der bekannte Entity-Relationship-Ansatz zur konzeptionellen Datenmodellierung wird in dieser Arbeit so erweitert, da? damit solche integrierten Systeme modelliert werden k?nnen. Au?erdem wird eine Klassifizierung ableitbarer Daten eingeführt, die dem Analytiker Hilfestellung bei der Frage gibt, welche ableitbaren Daten bei der Modellierung berücksichtigt werden sollen und welche nicht. Eingegangen am 2. November 1994 / Angenommen am 30. M?rz 1995  相似文献   

Subjective reactions of students to a programed workbook for a continental classroom course     

Edward J. Robinson  Otto Lerbinger 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1963,11(6):241-252

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University research funding and publication performance—An international comparison     

Otto Auranen  Mika Nieminen 《Research Policy》2010,39(6):822-834

In current science policies, competition and output incentives are emphasized as a means of making university systems efficient and productive. By comparing eight countries, this article analyzes how funding environments of university research vary across countries and whether more competitive funding systems are more efficient in producing scientific publications. The article shows that there are significant differences in the competitiveness of funding systems, but no straightforward connection between financial incentives and the efficiency of university systems exists. Our results provoke questions about whether financial incentives boost publication productivity, and whether policy-makers should place greater emphasis on other factors relevant to high productivity.  相似文献   

The use of physiological, anthropometric, and skill data to predict selection in a talent-identified junior volleyball squad     

Gabbett T  Georgieff B  Domrow N 《Journal of sports sciences》2007,25(12):1337-1344

The aim of this study was to determine whether physiological, anthropometric, and skill test results could discriminate between junior volleyball players of varying ability. Twenty-eight junior volleyball players competed for selection in a talent-identification volleyball programme. Participants underwent measurements of stature, standing reach stature, body mass, skinfold thickness, overhead medicine ball throw, vertical jump, spike jump, 5-m and 10-m speed, "T" test agility, maximal aerobic power, and passing, setting, serving, and spiking technique and accuracy. A discriminant analysis was conducted on the selected and non-selected groups to obtain a regression equation that could be used to predict selection in junior volleyball squads based on the dependent variables. Passing and serving technique were the only significant variables included in the discriminant analysis. Cross-validation results showed that 17 of 19 selected players (89.5%) and 5 of 9 non-selected players (55.6%) were correctly classified into selected and non-selected groups, respectively, providing an overall predictive accuracy of 78.6%. The results of this study demonstrate that selected skill test results (i.e. subjective coach evaluations of passing technique and serving technique), but not physiological and anthropometric data, discriminate between successful and unsuccessful talent-identified junior volleyball players. These results demonstrate the importance of developing passing and serving technique in talent-identified junior volleyball players.  相似文献   

Ball launch conditions for skilled golfers using drivers of different lengths in an indoor testing facility     

Wallace ES  Otto SR  Nevill A 《Journal of sports sciences》2007,25(7):731-737

The displacement of the golf ball struck by a driving club is affected by several player characteristics and equipment parameters and their interrelationships. Some modelling and simulation studies have shown a relationship between shaft length and clubhead speed, supported by a few experimental studies. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between driver length and ball launch conditions in an indoor test facility using a ball launch monitor. Nine males considered to be skilled golfers participated in the study. Four driving clubs of total length 117, 119, 124, and 132 cm were assembled from commercially available components and were used to strike golf shots while initial ball velocity, backspin rate, and launch angles were measured. Statistical analysis identified a significant difference in initial launch speed due to club length, a significant difference between participants, but no difference between the trials for a given golfer. A positive trend was noted between backspin and launch angle for all four clubs, and significant inverse associations between initial launch speed and backspin rate and launch angle. However, the combined launch conditions associated with increasing length were not considered optimal, with uncontrolled swingweight and moment of inertia effects considered to be limiting factors.  相似文献   

The Library of the Odessa Jewish Hospital     

Boris M. Schaposchnikoff 《Journal of the Medical Library Association》1899,2(5):117

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The Feasibility of Using Virtual Professional Development to Support Teachers in Making Data-Based Decisions to Improve Students’ Writing     

Kelley Regan  Anya S. Evmenova  Reagan L. Mergen  Courtney Verbiest  Amy Hutchison  Reagan Murnan  Sara Field  Boris Gafurov 《Learning disabilities research & practice》2023,38(1):40-56

Rubrics can be used to give students targeted feedback on their writing and, therefore, teachers should be able to use them as a type of formative assessment to guide writing instruction. This article describes an exploratory study of how three teachers provided instruction for fourth, fifth, and seventh graders with learning disabilities and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in using a technology-based graphic organizer (TBGO) to compose persuasive essays. Given professional development inclusive of online modules, long-range plans, and virtually facilitated professional learning communities, the teachers used a digital dashboard to (a) monitor students’ writing progress with a genre-specific analytic rubric, (b) target a specific instructional skill, and (c) document their instructional decision(s). The article illustrates how educators can effectively use genre-specific writing rubrics in practice to make data-driven decisions about student writing.  相似文献