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This study reports the results of a needs analysis of literacy programs for a library system serving three rural and suburban
counties. It examines the computing skills and needs of literacy tutors as well as native-speaking and English language learner
(ELL) literacy tutees enrolled in the programs. Paper surveys were mailed to tutors, who were asked to complete a survey themselves
and assist their tutees to complete one. Results of this study offer insights into the incorporation of digital literacy into
traditional adult literacy programs focusing on the needs, wants, and support systems of user groups. 相似文献
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Inger Marklund 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1981,27(2):105-119
Educational R & D in Sweden is to a large extent policy-oriented. It has been an integrated part of the Swedish educational reform system and has brought about a dialogue between politicians, administrators and researchers. Several circumstances have contributed to the Swedish model. One is the system with government-appointed committees in whichresearchers often play an active part. Another is that the Swedish educational system is highly centralized, with the National Board of Education (NBE) as the central authority, responsible for primary, secondary and adult education. A third — and a crucial one — is that, since 1962, the NBE has had increasing funds for educational R & D at its disposal. These funds account for the main part of the economic resources for R & D, along with resources allocated to research appointments at research departments of universities.Educational R & D, conducted primarily within the NBE funds, has recently been evaluated by a government-appointed committee. In its evaluations of the impact of educational R & D, the committee distinguished between theeffects of R & D and theeffect correlates. It concluded that the impact of R & D is more indirect than direct, more long-term than immediate. The effects are also more easily recognized at levels above the actual school situation. This finding could be interpreted as a consequence of the policy-orientation of educational R & D, which at the same time shows the difficulties in reaching the school level with research and development results.There are two general trends in Sweden, which will influence both research planning and research use. First, there is a trend towards the decentralization of decision-making and responsibility for the educational system. Secondly, there is a trend towards the sectionalization of the R & D system as a whole. This sectionalization will mean that research will to a great extent be planned to meet needs from different parts of society — labour market, social welfare, industrial development, etc. As a consequence, the question of the impact of research will be an even more debated one and will probably lead to the development of research on research as an increasingly important research area.
Zusammenfassung Die Bildunsforschung und -entwicklung (R & D) in Schweden ist weitgehend politisch orientiert. Sie bildet einen integralen Bestandteil des schwedischen Bildungsreform-Systems und hat zu einem Dialog zwischen Politikern, Administratoren und Forschern geführt. Verschiedene Umstände haben zu dem schwedischen Modell beigetragen. Einer davon ist das System der von der Regierung ernannten Ausschüsse, in denen Forscher oft eine aktive Rolle spielen. Ein anderer ist die hochgradige Zentralisierung des schwedischen Bildungssystems, mit dem Nationalen Bildungsamt (NBE) als Zentralbehörde, die für die Primar-, Sekundar- und Erwachsenenbildung verantwortlich ist. Ein dritter — und ausschlaggebender — Umstand ist, daß das NBE seit 1962 über ständig wachsende Finanzmittel für Bildungs- R & D verfügt. Diese Mittel stellen den Hauptteil der für R & D verfügbaren Mittel dar, zusammen mit denen, die Forschungsabteilungen an Universitäten zur Einstellung von Forschungspersonal erhalten.Die hauptsächlich mit Hilfe der NBE Ressourcen durchgeführte R & D ist vor einigen Monaten von einem von der Regierung ernannten Ausschuß ausgewertet worden. In seiner Evaluation der Auswirkungen der Bildungs- R & D unterschied der Ausschuß zwischendirekter undkorrelierter Wirkung. Er kam zu dem Schluß, daß diese Wirkung mehr indirekt als direkt, mehr langfristig als unmittelbar ist. Außerdem ist sie deutlicher auf höheren Ebenen als auf der Schulebene erkennbar. Diese Feststellung könnte als Folge der bildungspolitischen Orientierung des R & D interpretiert werden. Gleichzeitig zeigt sie auf, wie schwierig es ist, die Ergebnisse von Forschung und Entwicklung auf die Schulebene zu übertragen.Zwei allgemeine Trends in Schweden werden sowohl die Planung als auch die Anwendung der Forschung beeinflussen. Dies sind: erstens, ein Trend zur Dezentralisierung der Entscheidungsbefugnisse und Verantwortlichkeit für das Bildungssystem, und zweitens, einer zur Sektionalisierung des R & D Systems als ganzen. Eine solche Sektionalisierung würde bedeuten, daß die Forschung weitgehend auf die Bedürfnisse verschiedener Sektoren der Gesellschaft — Arbeitsmarkt, Sozialwesen, Industrie-Entwicklung, usw. — abgestimmt wird. Infolgedessen wird die Frage nach den Wirkungen der Forschung noch stärker debattiert werden und wahrscheinlich zur Entwicklung von Forschungsforschung als immer wichtigerem Forschungsgebiet führen.
Résumé La recherche et le développement en éducation (R & D) en Suède est en grande partie orientée politiquement. Elle a été une partie intégrante du système de réforme de l'éducation suédoise et a conduit à un dialogue entre politiciens, administrateurs et chercheurs. Plusieurs circonstances ont contribué au modèle suédois. L'une d'elles est le système des comités nommés par le gouvernement, où leschercheurs jouent souvent un rôle actif. Une autre est la puissante centralisation du système d'éducation suédois avec, comme autorité centrale responsable de l'enseignement primaire, secondaire, et de l'éducation des adultes, le Conseil national d'éducation (NBE). La troisième circonstance (essentielle celle-là) est que, depuis 1962, le NBE dispose de fonds sans cesse accrus pour la recherche et le développement en matière d'éducation. Ces fonds constituent la majeure partie des ressources économiques de la R & D avec les crédits affectés à la nomination de chercheurs aux départements de la recherche dans des universités.La R & D en éducation, menée d'abord avec les seuls fonds du NBE a été récemment évaluée par un comité nommé par le gouvernement. Dans ses évaluations de l'impact de la R & D, le comité a établi une distinction entre leseffets directs de la R & D et leseffets corrélatifs. Il a conclu que l'impact de la R & D est plus indirect que direct, plus à long-terme qu'à court-terme. Ces effets sont plus facilement vérifiables aux niveaux supra-scolaires que dans l'école même. Cette constatation pourrait être interprétée comme une conséquence de l'orientation politique de la R & D, ce qui montre, par la même occasion, les difficultés à faire passer les résultats de la R & D dans la pratique scolaire quotidienne.Il existe en Suède deux courants généraux qui influenceront la plantification et l'utilisation de la recherche. Tout d'abord, le courant vers une décentralisation des prises de décisions et de responsabilités. Puis le courant en direction d'un sectionnement du système de la R & D dans son ensemble. Par ce sectionnement la recherche se trouvera, en grande partie, planifiée pour répondre aux différents besoins de la société — marché de l'emploi, protection sociale, développement industriel etc. La conséquence en sera une discussion accrue de la question de l'impact de la recherche et conduira probablement au développement de la recherche sur la recherche comme d'un nouveau domaine d'étude d'importance croissante.相似文献
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Inger Brännström Author Vitae 《Government Information Quarterly》2012,29(1):60-67
The Beijing World Conference on Women held in 1995 by the United Nations member states, approved strategies for improving women's access to and use of new communication technologies. The aim of this paper is to retrieve official statistics for the years 2000-2008 with regard to sex differences, gender and digital divide (specifically concerning telecommunication technologies) in two low-income economies in Sub-Saharan Africa, Kenya and Somalia. This paper reveals that official statistics on sex discrepancies and, the gender divide regarding access, use and benefits of telecommunications are still almost totally lacking for the countries in view. However, the digital divide is successively closing, and the telecommunication process in Kenya was quite rapid at the end of the period. Official statistics from Somalia are difficult to comprehend due to the absence of official data and a lack of evidence-based knowledge. Fifteen years after the Beijing Conference in 1995 there is still a lack of comprehensive statistics regarding new communication technologies for low-income economies such as Kenya and Somalia. 相似文献
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Primary mathematics teachers’ (N = 521) personal goal orientation and instructional practices were examined based on questionnaire responses. The teachers (grades 2 and 3) were oriented towards mastery goals and mastery approaches to instruction, and reported high teaching efficacy. Strong positive relation between performance orientation and performance instructional practices was established, and correspondingly between mastery orientation and mastery instructional practices. Positive relations between students’ (N = 9,980) basic mathematics performance (measured by paper and pencil tests) and both teacher mastery orientation and teaching efficacy were also found. Results indicate that mastery oriented teaching strategies are crucial for fostering basic mathematical competencies in primary students. 相似文献
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This article explores the upper secondary (or post‐16) school market. The study on which it is based, funded by the Swedish Research Council, was entitled ‘Upper‐secondary education as a market’. Empirical data include official statistics, policy documents, school publications, company reports and school visits. Printed and other news media were also scrutinised to identify how the marketisation of education is represented in public discourse. A number of themes emerged from the study which included mapping the expansion of the school market, chains of ownership and influence, marketing strategies, choice and the school market and issues raised in the media. These imply that there is a new market discourse which represents a clear break with previous social democratic education policies primarily aimed at enhancing citizenship and wider democratic values within an inclusive public school. However, critiques have also emerged including a call for strengthened regulations of and control over independent schools and concern about an education market equated more with shares and profits rather than pedagogy and student citizenship. 相似文献
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Jørgen Cohn Kirsten Inger Mygind Holzer Lone Koch Birgit Severin 《Child abuse & neglect》1981,5(2):201-203
Torture of children occurs in many different ways: children may be forcibly adopted by strangers; children may be arrested and imprisoned; they may witness torture of their parents or may be tortured in the presence of their parents; and, similarly several reports of mass executions of children are available.The Danish Medical Group under Amnesty International has investigated 88 Chilean children now living in Denmark, whose parents had been tortured. Approximately of the children were abnormally anxious and approximately had disturbances of sleep in the form of difficulty falling asleep accompanied by broken sleep with nightmares. Approximately of the children developed secondary nocturnal enuresis. Seventeen percent of the children showed behaviour difficulties in the form of aggression while 16% became introverted and depressed and had difficulties in establishing contact with children of the same age-group. 相似文献
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