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1.
Observations of 23 free-ranging rhesus monkey infants on Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico, indicated that mothers' first postpartum estrous periods were marked by large increases in the amount of time infants were separated from their mothers, by disturbances in mother-infant relationships, and by increases in infant distress behavior. When their mothers resumed mating, most infants showed signs of agitation; a few briefly showed indications of depression. Male infants responded to their mothers' resumption of mating by playing more, whereas females engaged in less play and more allogrooming. The results suggest ( a ) that basic parallels exist between the behavioral responses of rhesus infants to their mothers' resumption of mating in the field and to forcible separation from their mothers in captivity and ( b ) that early separation experiences may play a role in the normal development or manifestation of sex differences in behavior. 相似文献
2.
Higher Education - In this paper, we investigate leadership related to the instruction of lower division undergraduate courses at five university mathematics departments with strong calculus... 相似文献
3.
Four rats were trained to press a bar for food pellets and then were housed in operant chambers for 6 continuous days of choice-testing between obtaining pellets freely or by barpressing. There were two additional 3-day choice periods following more barpress training. It was found that (1) animals preferred to secure food by barpressing when initially placed in the choice situation and immediately following additional barpress training; (2) there was a subsequent decrease to very low levels of response-dependent food taken during choice testing; and (3) opening the chambers for daily maintenance during choice-testing caused a temporary increase in barpressing for food. Thus the previously reported stability of high rates of barpressing in the presence of free food is, at least in part, dependent upon short testing sessions. 相似文献
4.
Christopher James Rasmussen 《Higher Education》2006,51(1):1-25
This study examines the global trend in shifting university costs from national governments to individual students and families,
with a specific focus on the existing cost-sharing model in Australian higher education. The research examines the manner
in which the availability of income-contingent loans (through the Higher Education Contribution Scheme, or HECS) enters into
individual cost assessments and evaluative frameworks during the university exploration and search process of low-income Australian
youth, and the resulting lessons that might be applied to other national contexts. Semi-structured interviews with 16 participants
addressed a broad range of issues related to the development of educational aspirations, and how beliefs and attitudes about
cost influenced participants’ understanding and decision-making regarding tertiary enrollment and post-graduate plans. A number
of discreet and related themes emerged from analysis of the interviews, including motivations for attending university; pre-university
cost considerations; self-assessments of skills, abilities, and personal traits and characteristics; general financial orientation;
pre-university experiences and influences; and the role of others including family, peers, teachers and other school staff.
The author concludes that the Australian system is worthy of consideration by other nations as a possible mechanism for enhancing
access to higher education for individuals who might otherwise not possess the opportunity to participate. 相似文献
5.
Hugh Clapin Katherine Neal John Wennerbom Barbara Nunn Deborah Dysart Andy Pickering Lisa Featherstone Hiram Caton Dale Jacquette Laura Ruetsche William A. Turner Cornelia Lüdecke Birgit Lohmann James Ladyman Jonathan Coopersmith David Oldroyd Dennis Dean Michael Ruse Nicolas Rasmussen William N. Kaghan Martin Bridgstock Geoffrey Cocks Stephanie H. Kenen Ivan Crozier Sokhieng Au Desmond Barrett Mark Cortiula Ian D. Lawrie 《Metascience》2001,10(1):50-149
6.
7.
Myths are ill‐founded beliefs held uncritically by persons or groups about other persons or groups. Such myths hinder the communication process and lead to negative feelings or attitudes toward older persons with hearing loss. Hudson, Dancer, Patterson, Reynolds, and Tillery (1990) highlighted five common myths of hearing loss and aging. This article explores whether older persons themselves accept these and other myths presented by the DanPat, a 30‐item questionnaire with “Agree‐Disagree” statements such as the following: “Hearing Aids are Best Left to younger Persons Who Can Learn to Use Them,” or “Persons with Hearing Loss are Paranoid and Suspicious.” Twenty older persons attending a Senior Companions and Foster Grandparents Health Fair filled out the DanPat with the following results to the 30 statements: informed about 14 of the statements; misinformed about 2 statements; and didn ‘t know the correct answer to 14 statements. Of the five prevalent myths presented by Hudson et al., this group of older adults still believes only one, that persons with hearing loss are excellent lipreaders. They don't know what to believe about two others, and they have discarded the remaining two. This article highlights the DanPat and provides correct answers to the questionnaire. 相似文献
8.
The use of university-industry collaboration in the innovation process is viewed as a major driver of firm competitiveness. The organizational dynamics underlying successful external relationships, however, remain poorly understood. Using longitudinal case studies of 15 innovation projects, we examine how firms with varying degrees of experience in collaborating with universities and public research organizations rely on different social capital dimensions to achieve successful collaborations. We find that experienced firms establish external collaborations on the basis of cognitive social capital, but this basis is reinforced by relational social capital over time. Conversely, less experienced firms initially base their university collaborations on relational social capital, which is reinforced by cognitive social capital over time. Based on these findings, we theorize on the interplay of different dimensions of social capital in university-industry collaborations over time. Our study has important implications for the management of collaborative innovation projects. In particular, it provides guidance to enable less experienced firms to develop successful collaborations with university partners. 相似文献
9.
We develop and use a numerical model to investigate the window of opportunity of free kicks in association football. The planar multibody forward dynamics model comprises a two segment leg model with joint actuations, a football, a wall and the turf. Contact mechanics is defined to model the impact of the foot and the ball’s interaction with the different elements in the environment. The optimum kick is determined using the global optimization algorithm differential evolution, requiring millions of kick simulations. The sensitivity of various solutions to parameter perturbation is investigated. It is concluded that toe kicks are theoretically superior to instep kicks, but are difficult to perform reliably. The results also show that small perturbations in parameters can lead to embarrassingly failed kicks. 相似文献
10.