Differential Item Functioning Resulting From The Use of Different Solution Strategies     

Kikumi K. Tatsuoka  Robert L. Linn  Maurice M. Tatsuoka  Kentaro Yamamoto 《Journal of Educational Measurement》1988,25(4):301-319

The present study investigates the degree to which item "bias" techniques can lead to interpretable results when groups are defined in terms of specified differences in the cognitive processes involved in students' problem-solving strategies. A large group of junior high school students who took a test on subtraction of fractions was divided into two subgroups judged by the rule-space model to be using different problem-solving strategies. It was confirmed by use of Mantel-Haenszel (MH) statistics that these subgroups showed different performances on items with different underlying cognitive tasks. We note that, in our case, we are far from faulting items that show differential item functioning (D1F) between two groups defined in terms of different solution strategies. Indeed, they are "desirable" items, as explained in the discussion section  相似文献   

Adverse effects of energy restriction on myogenic enzymes in judoists   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Umeda T  Nakaji S  Shimoyama T  Yamamoto Y  Totsuka M  Sugawara K 《Journal of sports sciences》2004,22(4):329-338

In this study, we examined the effects of weight reduction by restricting energy intake on muscle function and serum concentrations of myogenic enzymes in judoists. Twenty-seven male judoists aged 19.3 +/- 0.6 years (mean +/- s) were divided into three groups based on the extent of body weight reduction: high weight reduction (height 1.70 +/- 0.05 m, body mass 78.5 +/- 13.6 kg), low weight reduction (height 1.70 +/- 0.05 m, body mass 80.7 +/- 13.1 kg) and a group that maintained body weight while continuing to perform exercise training (height 1.78 +/- 0.07 m, body mass 78.7 +/- 8.8 kg). Body composition, blood biochemistry, energy intake and anaerobic power were assessed on four occasions: 20 days (baseline data), 4 days and 1 day before and 7 days after competition. Compared with baseline, body mass and fat-free mass were significantly lower 1 day before competition in the high and low weight reduction groups (both P < 0.01); these changes persisted for 7 days after competition in the high weight reduction group. Serum creatine kinase was significantly elevated 1 day before competition in all groups (all P < 0.05), and remained higher 7 days after competition in both the high and low weight reduction groups. Compared with baseline, maximal anaerobic power was significantly lower 1 day before competition only in the high weight reduction group (P < 0.01). Our results suggest that energy restriction in addition to intense exercise training before major competition has an adverse effect on anaerobic power and elevates serum creatine kinase concentration, leading to an impairment of muscular function and an increased susceptibility of muscle tissue to injury.  相似文献   

News audience fragmentation in the Japanese Twittersphere     

Tetsuro Kobayashi  Takahisa Suzuki  Hitoshi Yamamoto 《亚洲交流杂志》2019,29(3):274-290

ABSTRACT

Although computational approaches to ideology-based audience fragmentation are promising, they are not without limitations. First, most existing studies have focused on the US, and the cross-national validity of their results has rarely been tested. Second, previous studies that rely solely on behavioral data from social media tend to make strong analytical assumptions such as that Twitter users prefer to follow media and politicians whose ideological positions are similar to their own, and that the ideologies of political elites can be extrapolated to infer the ideologies of ordinary users. We aim to address these limitations. First, we focus on Japan to test the generalizability of US findings in an Asian context. Second, we do not rely solely on behavioral measurement but combine survey and social media data to infer the ideologies of Twitter users. Results indicate that our classifier built based on these self-reported ideologies produces more valid estimates than naïve extrapolation from views of the elites. Based on these improved estimates of Twitter users’ ideologies, we demonstrate that the ideological distributions of those who follow major Japanese media accounts on Twitter largely overlap, suggesting an absence of ideology-based audience fragmentation.  相似文献   

The World Cup 2002: a view from the streets     

Atsuhisa Yamamoto 《Inter-Asia Cultural Studies》2013,14(1):130-136

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New walkers with Down syndrome use cautious but effective strategies for crossing obstacles     

Mulvey GM  Kubo M  Chang CL  Ulrich BD 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2011,82(2):210-219

Perception of affordances research in children with developmental disabilities has only examined well practiced skills. Ten toddlers with Down syndrome and 10 with typical development walked across a GAITRite mat, with and without an obstacle. We coded the toddlers' behaviors after 1 and 3 months of walking experience when they encountered the obstacle (avoid, crawl, error and walk successfully) and calculated gait parameters (step length, width, and velocity). Both groups actively explored their affordances. Despite similar decreases in step length and velocity when approaching the obstacle, toddlers with Down syndrome were more likely to select successful but conservative crawling strategies that minimized balance requirements and reduced risk of falling. Group differences were due to risk management rather than difficulty perceiving affordances.  相似文献   

International perceptions across the sea: Patterns in Japanese young adults     

Kaoru Yamamoto  O.L. Davis  Gail McEachron-Hirsch 《Int J Intercult Relat》1983,7(1):69-78

The international perceptions of Japanese young adults were explored in 172 professional education students in two Tokyo colleges. They classified 30 nations according to their “current” and “future” affinity to Japan. Little difference was detected in the Q-sorts between institutions arid sexes, while the “current” and “future” sorts correlated .96 with each other. In cluster analyses, many two-nation units (e.g., Czechoslovakia-Yugoslavia) were found to be the building blocks for the overall pattern. The total configuration consisted of three broad groups: mostly Western European nations, problematical nations (China, Russia, Israel, Egypt, etc.), and remote and neutral nations. Structurally, the results were similar to those for American young adults, but the contents were different. The notion of cultural metastereotypes thus received tentative support.  相似文献   

A study of optimal switching problem in limited-cycle with multiple periods     

Jing Sun  Hisashi Yamamoto  Masayuki Matsui 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2010,11(12):933-937

In a social system or production line,the restrictions of the cost and the due-time exist in each period.Generally,whether these restrictions are satisfied is dependent not only on the risks of this period,but also on the risks generated beforehand.We consider controlling the production process by switching the processing rate to a faster one at a given period.This paper deals with the optimal switching period to minimize the total expected cost of the production process.We first propose the optimal switching period model,and then the mathematic formulation of the total expectation is presented.Finally,the policy of optimal switching period is investigated in detail by numerical experiments.  相似文献   

Evaluating item response theory linking and model fit for data from PISA 2000–2012     

Matthias von Davier  Kentaro Yamamoto  Hyo Jeong Shin  Henry Chen  Lale Khorramdel  Jon Weeks 《Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice》2019,26(4):466-488

ABSTRACT

Based on concerns about the item response theory (IRT) linking approach used in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) until 2012 as well as the desire to include new, more complex, interactive items with the introduction of computer-based assessments, alternative IRT linking methods were implemented in the 2015 PISA round. The new linking method represents a concurrent calibration using all available data, enabling us to find item parameters that maximize fit across all groups and allowing us to investigate measurement invariance across groups. Apart from the Rasch model that historically has been used in PISA operational analyses, we compared our method against more general IRT models that can incorporate item-by-country interactions. The results suggest that our proposed method holds promise not only to provide a strong linkage across countries and cycles but also to serve as a tool for investigating measurement invariance.  相似文献   

Gender and social class differences in Japanese mothers’ beliefs about children's education and socialisation     

Yoko Yamamoto 《Gender and education》2016,28(1):72-88

Despite increasing rates of university attendance among women, a significant gender gap remains in socialisation and educational processes in Japan. To understand why and how gender-distinctive socialisation processes persist, this study aimed to examine both middle-class and working-class mothers’ beliefs about gender, education, and children's development. Qualitative analyses were conducted on in-depth interviews with 16 Japanese mothers with preschool children who participated in the research study for three years. The meaning of education differed depending on the children's gender and social class context. While there was a social class difference in mothers’ expectations of their daughters’ educational attainment, the majority of women in this study saw their daughters as caregivers of family members in the future. This study also demonstrates the dilemmas and mixed messages in women's narratives in relation to gender norms and the processes of raising their children.  相似文献   

Integrated Biology and Undergraduate Science Education: A New Biology Education for the Twenty-First Century?     

Jay B. Labov  Ann H. Reid  Keith R. Yamamoto 《CBE life sciences education》2010,9(1):10-16

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