Ethical dilemmas are really important to potential adopters of autonomous vehicles     

Gill  Tripat 《Ethics and Information Technology》2021,23(4):657-673

Ethics and Information Technology - The ethical dilemma (ED) of whether autonomous vehicles (AVs) should protect the passengers or pedestrians when harm is unavoidable has been widely researched...  相似文献   

The One and the Many: Enduring Legacies of Spearman and Thurstone on Intelligence Test Score Interpretation     

A. Alexander Beaujean  Nicholas F. Benson 《教育实用测度》2019,32(3):198-215

ABSTRACT

Charles Spearman and L. L. Thurstone were pioneers in the field of intelligence. They not only developed methods to assess and understand intelligence, but also developed theories about its structure and function. Methodologically, their approaches were not that distinct, but their theories of intelligence were philosophically very different – and this difference is still seen in modern approaches to intellectual assessment. In this article, we describe their theories of intelligence and then trace how these theories have influenced the development and use of intelligence instruments, paying particular attention to score interpretation.  相似文献   

A biomechanical comparison of conventional classifications of bowling action-types in junior fast bowlers     

Andrew Schaefer  Rene E. D. Ferdinands  Nicholas O’Dwyer 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(10):1085-1095

ABSTRACT

Fast bowling is categorised into four action types: side-on, front-on, semi-open and mixed; however, little biomechanical comparison exists between action types in junior fast bowlers. This study investigated whether there are significant differences between action-type mechanics in junior fast bowlers. Three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic analyses were completed on 60 junior male fast bowlers bowling a five-over spell. Mixed-design factorial analyses of variance were used to test for differences between action-type groups across the phases of the bowling action. One kinetic difference was observed between groups, with a higher vertical ground reaction force loading rate during the front-foot contact phase in mixed and front-on compared to semi-open bowlers; no other significant group differences in joint loading occurred. Significant kinematic differences were observed between the front-on, semi-open and mixed action types during the front-foot contact phase for the elbow and trunk. Significant kinematic differences were also present for the ankle, T12-L1, elbow, trunk and pelvis during the back-foot phase. Overall, most differences in action types for junior fast bowlers occurred during the back-foot contact phase, particularly trunk rotation and T12-L1 joint angles/ranges of motion, where after similar movement patterns were utilized across groups during the front-foot contact phase.  相似文献   

Creating Religious Childhoods in Anglo-World and British Colonial Contexts, 1800–1950     

Nicholas Dixon 《Cultural and Social History》2018,15(3):456-457

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Affordances of using Multiple Videoed Events to construct a rich understanding of adult–child book readings     

Maria Nicholas 《International Journal of Research & Method in Education》2018,41(2):125-141

This paper explores the affordances of using video-based research to capture a multiplicity of events, along with multimodal representations when producing data related to adult–child book readings. In doing this we answer two questions: (1) why more than one event is needed when seeking a comprehensive collection of information for the purpose of analysis; and (2) why one mode of data production alone (e.g. audio recordings or note taking) is insufficient to record practice or interviews when richness is of priority. This research used three videoed events to produce data. These included videoing: (1) caregiver–child interactions during four shared book reading sessions, (2) interviews with caregivers immediately following each of the reading sessions and (3) video-stimulated discussions with caregivers within two months of the final shared book reading. In this paper, I contribute to discussions that highlight the affordances of using video-based research as a means of capturing the multimodal elements of an experience, which can contribute to the analysis and interpretation of data. I expand on this, however, to suggest that when coupled with a multiplicity of events, video-based research can be a means of pursuing richness via a method that has been criticized for its narrow subjectivity.  相似文献   

Intellectual property protection mechanisms in research partnerships   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Henry R. Hertzfeld  Nicholas S. Vonortas 《Research Policy》2006,35(6):825-838

A set of US-based companies is investigated regarding the effectiveness of intellectual property protection mechanisms (IPPMs) in the formation of research partnerships. Patents are the most frequently used IPPM to protect both background and foreground knowledge in partnerships. Other IPPMs are used to protect know-how, especially in the early, forming stages of a partnership. Existing IP titles are quite useful when negotiating new partnerships. IPR negotiations are reported to be more complex in horizontal partnerships and when universities are involved.  相似文献   

Bananas Enough for Time Travel?   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Smith  Nicholas J. J. 《The British journal for the philosophy of science》1997,48(3):363-389

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The information seeking behaviour of the users of digital scholarly journals     

David Nicholas  Paul Huntington  Hamid R. Jamali  Anthony Watkinson 《Information processing & management》2006

The article employs deep log analysis (DLA) techniques, a more sophisticated form of transaction log analysis, to demonstrate what usage data can disclose about information seeking behaviour of virtual scholars – academics, and researchers. DLA works with the raw server log data, not the processed, pre-defined and selective data provided by journal publishers. It can generate types of analysis that are not generally available via proprietary web logging software because the software filters out relevant data and makes unhelpful assumptions about the meaning of the data. DLA also enables usage data to be associated with search/navigational and/or user demographic data, hence the name ‘deep’. In this connection the usage of two digital journal libraries, those of EmeraldInsight, and Blackwell Synergy are investigated. The information seeking behaviour of nearly three million users is analyzed in respect to the extent to which they penetrate the site, the number of visits made, as well as the type of items and content they view. The users are broken down by occupation, place of work, type of subscriber (“Big Deal”, non-subscriber, etc.), geographical location, type of university (old and new), referrer link used, and number of items viewed in a session.  相似文献   

What supports 11- to 13-year-old Pasifika students in mathematics learning in New Zealand classrooms?     

Karen Nicholas 《Education 3-13》2017,45(1):68-82

The steepest decline in achievement in New Zealand primary schools occurs in Years 7 and 8, with the greatest decline in the subject area of mathematics. The cohort that achieves at the lowest level in New Zealand schools is Pasifika. This study considers the views of those stakeholders involved in the teaching of these children. It seeks to uncover the positive steps being taken to advantage this group and the difficulties principals, teachers and parents face to improve achievement. One-to-one interviews were used to elicit advice and information to provide evidence of best teaching practices for Pasifika students  相似文献   

False allegations of abuse and neglect when parents separate     

Trocmé N  Bala N 《Child abuse & neglect》2005,29(12):1333-1345

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